Second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) based phase-locked loops (PLLs) are widely used for grid synchronization in single-phase grid-connected power converters. Previously, the estimated frequency of the PLL stage is fed back to the front-end SOGI block to make the conventional SOGI-PLL frequency-adaptive, which increases the implementation complexity, and makes the tuning sensitive, thus reducing stability margins. Alternatively, a frequency-fixed SOGI based PLL (briefly called FFSOGI-PLL) is proposed to ensure stability and simple implementation in this letter. It is commonly known that the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals generated by the frequency-fixed SOGI are of different amplitudes in the presence of frequency drifts, which causes second harmonic ripples in the estimated parameters of the PLL loop. To deal with this issue, a simple yet effective method is developed in FFSOGI-PLL. The standard SOGI-PLL is firstly introduced, followed by the working principle and small-signal model of FFSOGI-PLL. The FFSOGI-PLL is then compared with the SOGI-PLL in terms of stability and transient performance. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of FFSOGI-PLL.

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In this study, four boron ketoiminate-based conjugated polymers P1–P4 are designed and synthesized via Suzuki polymerization.

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