Preparation and Characterization of 3D Printed Porous 45S5 Bioglass Bioceramic for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology provides advanced technical support for designing personalized bone tissue engineering scaffold. In this study, two porous diffusing models, namely, average and layered perforated cylindrical scaffolds, were designed for bone tissue engineering scaffold. The designed models were fabricated by liquid crystal display mask stereolithography printing. Structural design and finite element mechanical analysis were conducted. 45S5 bioglass was selected as the raw material for preparing the printing inks for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. By adjusting the viscosity and temperature of the slurry, the maximum proportion of 45S5 bioglass (40 wt%) was added into the photosensitive resin for preparing 3D printing slurry. Our results indicated that an optimized sintering condition includes the debinding rate (0.5°C/min), and temperature raising rate (5°C/min) and sintering temperature (1100°C) were proposed to sinter 45S5 bioceramic scaffolds. The amorphous 45S5 bioglass showed good crystallization after sintering, and the scaffold porous structure showed good integrity. Micropores were observed in the struts which interconnected with each other. Moreover, the porosities were tested as 57% and 45% with a uniform pore distribution. The shrinkage rate was about 10% during sintering process due to binder burning and crystallization shrinkage. The compressive strength of the sintered scaffold was 0.71 ± 0.048 MPa and 2.13 ± 0.054 MPa, respectively, which are consistent with the finite element mechanical analysis simulation results. In conclusion, the layered perforated 45S5 bioglass scaffold shows good mechanical properties and porosity, indicating that it could be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.

Review on vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds

“…Its biological and mechanical properties could be flexibly adjusted by changing the type and proportion of phase compositions, but it still faces the problem of high brittleness like other bioceramics. 115 Zhihong Dong et al 123 designed two porous diffusing models, average and layered perforated cylindrical scaffolds, and performed finite element mechanical analysis. Then, 45S5 bioglass scaffolds were prepared by LCD based VPP technology.…”

“…Zhihong Dong et al 123 designed two porous diffusing models, average and layered perforated cylindrical scaffolds, and performed finite element mechanical analysis. Then, 45S5 bioglass scaffolds were prepared by LCD based VPP technology.…”

Influence of Strontium on the Biological Behavior of Bioactive Glasses for Bone Regeneration

“…In the second, the solution is ejected through a system in which an air jet directs it to a collector where the fibers formed by the evaporation of the solvent will be deposited. Laser-spinning [49,50], flame spray [51,52], microemulsion [53], polymer foam replication [54,55] and 3D printing [56][57][58] are also examples of techniques used. Some of these processes are used in synergy and in all of them the BGs produced can Many studies show that bioactive glasses promote enzymatic activity [32,33] and vascularization [34,35], maintain osteoblastic adhesion, regulate the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts [36], and also exhibit outstanding in vivo biocompatibility properties [37].…”

“…In the second, the solution is ejected through a system in which an air jet directs it to a collector where the fibers formed by the evaporation of the solvent will be deposited. Laser-spinning [49,50], flame spray [51,52], microemulsion [53], polymer foam replication [54,55] and 3D printing [56][57][58] are also examples of techniques used. Some of these processes are used in synergy and in all of them the BGs produced can have different diameters, surface area, degradation rate or bioactive potential, justifying the choice of each technique depending on the desired result.…”