Although
many antibiofouling materials have been developed based
on either bacterial-killing or antiadhesion effects, the integration
of both the effects in one material remains challenging for achieving
highly enhanced synergistic antibiofouling. In this study, we have
explored a nano-CeO2-loaded double-network hydrogel by
introducing CeO2 nanorods into a polyzwitterionic hydrogel
via a simple one-pot method for achieving highly efficient antifouling.
First, the CeO2 nanorods dispersed in the hydrogel, as
an outstanding nanozyme, have highly efficient bacterial-killing performance.
Second, the superhydrophilic polyzwitterionic hydrogel provides a
dense hydrated layer on the surface and subsequently excellent broad-spectrum
antiadhesion behavior. Most importantly, the bacterial killing and
antiadhesion of this hydrogel can work synergistically to largely
improve the marine-antifouling performance. Moreover, the double-network
structure of this hydrogel, including the covalently cross-linked
polyzwitterion hard network and the physically cross-linked poly(vinyl
alcohol) soft network, can provide greatly improved mechanical properties
(2.44 MPa of tensile strength reaches and 21.87 MPa of compressive
strength). As a result, among the existing marine-antifouling hydrogels,
the CeO2-loaded polyzwitterionic double-network hydrogel
can achieve outstanding antifouling performance, which can sustain
for over 6 months in a real marine environment. This work provides
a promising marine-antifouling hydrogel, which will also inspire antifouling
research of a new strategy and materials.