Preliminary investigation of artificial reef concrete with sulphoaluminate cement, marine sand and sea water

Xu, Qing; Ji, Tao; Yang, Zhiliang; Ye, Yilong

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.272

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to the Chinese standard GB 50010-2010 [28], the compressive strength of each mixture specimen was between C15 and C20. In general, the compressive strength of an artificial reef should be above C30 [3,29] to ensure that it will not break when dropped to the seafloor. To analyze the feasibility of seabed silt as an artificial reef material, the SAR specimens were made only of cement, seabed silt, and pure water, so as to avoid the influence of other materials on the test results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Seabed Silt in the Preparation of Artificial Algal Reefs

et al. 2020

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Large amounts of silt have been deposited on the seabed in China’s coastal areas due to intensive coastal development and marine raft aquaculture, which are the main causes of local marine environmental disasters. In this study, seabed silt was tested as a potential raw material for artificial reefs. The silt was mixed with cement in four proportions to create concrete specimens for use in silt artificial reefs (SARs). The compressive strength development and nutrient dissolution were examined in the SAR specimens. The hydration products of the SAR paste were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results showed that the compression strength of the SAR specimens was inversely proportional to their seabed silt content. The SAR specimens were able to continuously dissolve nitrogen-containing nutrients. The presence of Ca(OH)2, commonly found in traditional concrete, was not detected, which may help improve the seaweed adhesion and biological effects of artificial reefs. The effective utilization of seabed silt could serve to restore and improve the marine ecological environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Seabed Silt in the Preparation of Artificial Algal Reefs

et al. 2020

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“…According to the published literature, despite the substantial efforts devoted to fulfilling the high reinforcing potential of OPC as the reinforced binder (less than 4 wt%) in a CAEM system, the present reports of reinforcing effects (especially for long-term performance) are limited and even somewhat contradictory. Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC), as a new type of cement with anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate and calcium silicate as the main mineral composition, possesses a higher content of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate (~70 wt%) compared with the OPC, which plays a vital role in controlling the mixture strength formation at early age, and has a great potential to improve the other related properties [20][21][22]. Up to date, reports on the effect of high cement content (> 4 wt%) on the performance of CAEM performance are very limited.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cementitious Fillers in Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures: Long-Term Performance and Microstructure

et al. 2021

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Cement has been well documented to positively affect the early-age strength of the cement asphalt emulsion mixtures (termed as CAEM) without compromising workability. However, the long-term performance of the CAEM incorporating multiple cement combinations is not conclusive. This study explored the effect of the combined usage of ordinary portland cement (OPC) and sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) on the long-term performance and microstructural properties of a CAEM system in detail. Three tasks were conducted, including (1) designing six CAEM formulations by introducing different types (OPC and SAC) and contents (2-6 wt%) of cement; (2) evaluating the long-term performance by moisture susceptibility, frost damage, abrasion resistance, and rutting resistance; and (3) characterizing the microstructural properties by scanning electron microscopes and energy-dispersive spectrometers. The experimental results revealed that the relative dynamic elastic modulus of CAEM was increased to 69.7% when admixing 90 wt% OPC and 10 wt% SAC. The mixture incorporating 90 wt% OPC and 10 wt% SAC demonstrated excellent rutting resistance up to ~31,000 cycles/mm of dynamic stability. The improved long-term performance actually originated from the reduced voids and produced a dense microstructure. The outcomes could facilitate tailoring CEAM products with better long-term performance.

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“…The expansion of the limestone as the temperature increased varied from 1.00 × 10 -3 to 2.5 × 10 -2 /°C; this was less pronounced than the expansion of the quartz sand, which ranged from 2.4 × 10 -3 to 6.00 × 10 -2 /°C from 100 °C to 300 °C. The rising temperature caused the limestone to grow in size, resulting in the shrinkage of the SAC paste bordering it, due to the imbalance of the thermal stresses between the limestone, quartz, and very dense SAC paste [25,26]. The average mass changes (in grams) of the SACC were 0.119 at 100 °C, 1.302 at 200 °C, and 1.573 at 300 °C; for the SAC paste, they were 0.67 at 100 °C, 2.73 at 200 °C, 3.7 at 300 °C, and 3.71 at 400 °C, relative to the initial mass at 20 °C.…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Strength of Rapid Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures

Tchekwagep¹

2020

Ceramics - Silikaty

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The compressive strength, modulus and stress-strain behaviour of rapid-hardening sulfoaluminate cement concrete were evaluated as functions of the temperature increase. The compressive strength decreased from 51.3 to 31.1 MPa (around a 39 % reduction) as the temperature increased from 20 °C to 300 °C while the specimens burst at 400 °C before being removed from the furnace. A significant change in the stress-strain behaviour was noticed with an increasing temperature. For the control specimens (20 °C), linear elastic behaviour was followed by plastic deformation before reaching the peak stress prior to failure, but for higher temperatures, the modulus of elasticity was up to 85 % lower and was characterised by a gradually decreasing slope until failure. The micro-structural changes detected by SEM, DTG/TG and XRD were consistent with this pattern. The degree of cracking at the interfacial transition zone and crack-width growth detected by SEM followed a clear trend with the increasing temperature. The transformation of the primary hydration products (e.g., ettringite and Al(OH) 3) as detected by XRD and DTG/TG provides a useful explanation of the strength reduction with the increasing temperature up to 300 °C. The vapour pressure evolvement within the specimens at elevated temperatures correlates well with the reduced strength and modulus of elasticity, with a very intense effect at 400 °C.

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Preliminary investigation of artificial reef concrete with sulphoaluminate cement, marine sand and sea water

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

The Application of Seabed Silt in the Preparation of Artificial Algal Reefs

The Application of Seabed Silt in the Preparation of Artificial Algal Reefs

Cementitious Fillers in Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures: Long-Term Performance and Microstructure

Compressive Strength of Rapid Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures

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