Pregnancy Consequences and Vertical Transmission Potential of SARS- CoV-2 Infection: Seeking Answers From a Preliminary Observation

Kumari, Kalpana; Yadav, Ramakant; Mittra, Sangh; Kumar, Avneesh; Singh, Jayanti; Bajpai, Prachi; Srivastava, Dhiraj Kumar; Kumar, Raj

doi:10.18502/jri.v22i2.5804

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In this study, 10.8% of women presented with leaking per vagina. Similar findings were also reported by Kalpana et al [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Increased incidence of caesarean delivery (70.3%) was observed in COVID-19 positive pregnant women in the present study. High caesarean rates in COVID-19 infected pregnant women were also observed in some other studies [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Birth weight in 86.4% of newborns was ≥ 2.5 kg. Kalpana et al [ 12 ] also reported that 20.7% of newborns of COVID-19 positive mothers had birth weight between 1.5 to 2.4 kg, and 72.4% had birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women

Gupta¹,

Yadav²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) /Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mothers and neonates are uncertain due to the lack of robust evidence from various available studies. Furthermore, conflicting data exist regarding the vertical transmission of coronavirus. Therefore, a hospital-based study was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infected pregnant women. MethodologyA hospital-based retrospective observational study was conducted between July-December 2020 in Rajarshi Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, a designated level-2 COVID-19 Hospital. A total of 37 confirmed COVID-19 positive pregnant women (mean age 27.5 ± 05 years) of more than 28 weeks of gestation were included in this study to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Maternal symptoms related to COVID-19, comorbidities, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), leaking per vagina, mode of delivery, preterm deliveries, and maternal deaths were recorded. Birth weight of newborns, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, neonatal illness, neonatal deaths, and COVID-19 testing reports were recorded. ResultOut of 37 COVID-19 positive pregnant women, 27 (72.9%) women were asymptomatic, nine (24.4%) women were having mild disease, and one (2.7%) developed severe disease requiring ICU admission. No maternal deaths were observed. Twenty-six (70.3%) women were delivered by caesarean section, 11 (29.7%) women by normal vaginal delivery, four (10.8%) were of leaking per vagina. Among newborns, five (13.5%) were preterm, one (2.7%) newborn require NICU admission, two (5.4%) were tested COVID-19 positive on the 5th day of life but were asymptomatic, and four (10.8%) newborns developed a fever but were COVID-19 negative. One case (2.7%) was of stillbirth. No neonatal deaths were observed. ConclusionThe present study did not reveal any direct evidence for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus through the placenta and during vaginal delivery, but the possibility of mother-to-child infection cannot be completely ignored. SARS-CoV-2 infection during late pregnancy may have a maternal and neonatal impact. COVID-19 infections in late pregnancy might lead to an increased incidence of caesarean deliveries as observed in the present study. This study reveals that most of the COVID-19 positive pregnant women remained asymptomatic or had mild infections. Hence, efforts to limit exposure to COVID-19 of pregnant women should be strengthened for saving mother and child.

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“…In this study, 10.8% of women presented with leaking per vagina. Similar findings were also reported by Kalpana et al [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women

Gupta¹,

Yadav²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the proinflammatory state of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy may precipitate negative consequences in children [ 13 , 14 ]. In addition to potential risk of vertical transmission, SARS-CoV-2 may indirectly lead to adverse perinatal and longer-term neurodevelopmental outcomes [ 15 , 16 ]. The inner ear is a complex structure which starts to develop early during pregnancy (Carnegie stages 14–16) and progresses during early gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal COVID-19 and neonatal hearing loss: a multicentric survey

Mostafa

Mostafa²,

Fiky

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Purpose Gestational SARS-Cov-2 infection can impact maternal and neonatal health. The virus has also been reported of causing sensorineural hearing loss. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effect of maternal SARS-COV-2 infection on neonatal hearing as identified during universal hearing screening. Methods Retrospective cohort study in two tertiary referral centers including all neonates born from November 2020 through April 1st, 2021 and undergoing the universal hearing screening program. Maternal Covid-19 infection was recorded (timing and severity) and the results of hearing screening of their neonates compared to the incidence of neonatal hearing loss results of the national universal screening program during the same period. Results A total of 984 neonates were included (508 males and 476 females). Sixty-three neonates were excluded due to comorbidities which could cause hearing loss. The incidence of failed responses in the community at large was 2.3%. Twenty-seven failed both steps of screening (2.9%; p < 0.2). There were 34 Covid-19 positive mothers (17 in the first trimester, 8 in the second and 9 in the third). Twenty-nine neonates failed the first screening ( p < 0.00001) but on further testing only one neonate failed (2.9%). Conclusion In this study, neonates born to Covid-19 positive mothers do not seem to have an increased risk of hearing loss. However longer follow-up of these neonates is mandatory to detect any possible delayed effects of the virus.

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“…Out of them, 28 records were included for full-text review , and 14 records were excluded (three due to non-inclusion of the study population, five due to small neonatal sample size, two due to not reported outcomes of interest, one due to reporting on unique maternal population, one due to non-confirmation of maternal SARS-CoV-2 positivity, and two due to repetition of data). Finally, 14 Indian studies were included in this meta-analysis; a total of 3,542 SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women and 3,551 delivered neonates were found eligible (see Figure 1 and Table 2) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. As Figure 3 indicates, the pooled prevalence of prematurity was 18.89% (…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcome of Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Panda¹,

Mishra²,

Pathak³

2022

Cureus

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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, India accounted for 10-50% of cases reported across the world. Perinatal care from a developing country during this period has its own importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the health outcome of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers in India from the published literature by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles reporting neonates born from SARS-CoV-2 confirmed mothers in India, published in PubMed, Scopus®, and Embase® databases, were analyzed. After registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), the study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcomes were the mode of delivery, perinatal asphyxia, preterm birth, breastfeeding, neonatal mortality, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity among neonates of SARS-CoV-2 mothers. The pooled rate was expressed with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity and study level effect size were assessed using I² statistics and DerSimonian and Laird random effect method of meta-analysis. Data analysis was made by Stata 15.1 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA). Total 3,551 neonates born from 3,542 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were included from 14 studies (four prospective and 10 retrospective studies). The pooled rates of premature birth, Caesarean delivery, breastfeeding, and neonatal mortality were 18.89%, 55.89%, 67.79%, respectively, with 12.64/1000 live births. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 5.28%; 11.76% were symptomatic, and five (1.7%) died from 281 SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates. There was an increase in the number of Caesarean delivery, premature birth, and lower mortality among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers compared to the Indian neonatal database. Around five percent of neonates delivered to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were infected, and the majority of them had good clinical outcomes.

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Pregnancy Consequences and Vertical Transmission Potential of SARS- CoV-2 Infection: Seeking Answers From a Preliminary Observation

Abstract: The article's abstract is not available.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women

Maternal COVID-19 and neonatal hearing loss: a multicentric survey

Clinical Outcome of Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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