Predictive ability of host genetics and rumen microbiome for subclinical ketosis

Gebreyesus, Grum; Difford, Gareth Frank; Buitenhuis, Bart; Lassen, Jan; Noel, Samantha Joan; Højberg, Ole; Plichta, Damian R.; Zhu, Zhigang; Poulsen, Nina Aagaard; Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer; Løvendahl, Peter; Sahana, Goutam

doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17824

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that most of the affected genera from phylum Firmicutes were those that ferment plant polysaccharides to organic acids, including VFA: uncultivated genera from families Lachnospiraceae ( Downes et al, 2002 ; Cepeljnik et al, 2003 ; Sizova et al, 2014 ), Oscillospiraceae ( Pascual et al, 2020 ), Selenomonadaceae ( Tarakanov, 2006 ), genera Shuttleworthia ( Downes et al, 2002 ), Butyrivibrio ( Fukuda et al, 2005 ), and so on. These genera are common inhabitants of the rumen in different ruminants ( Zhu et al, 2018 ; Grum et al, 2020 ; Laishev et al, 2020 ). Earlier, Hu et al (2018) reported seasonal changes in the population of phylum Firmicutes in the intestinal microbiota of forest musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ), including family Lachnospiraceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers (Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets

Yildirim

Ильина

Laptev

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The key natural area of Russian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, Nenets breed) is arctic zones, with severe climatic conditions and scarce feed resources, especially in the cold winter season. The adaptation of reindeer to these conditions is associated not only with the genetic potential of the animal itself. The rumen microbiome provides significant assistance in adapting animals to difficult conditions by participating in the fiber digestion. The aim of our study is to investigate the taxonomy and predicted metabolic pathways of the ruminal microbiota (RM) during the winter–spring (WS) and summer–autumn (SA) seasons, in calves and adult reindeer inhabiting the natural pastures of the Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous District of the Russian Federation. Methods The RM in reindeer was studied using the Next Generation Sequencing method with the MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) platform. Reconstruction and prediction of functional profiles of the metagenome, gene families, and enzymes were performed using the software package PICRUSt2 (v.2.3.0). Results The nutritional value of WS and SA diets significantly differed. Crude fiber content in the WS diet was higher by 22.4% (p < 0.05), compared to SA, indicating possibly poorer digestibility and necessity of the adaptation of the RM to this seasonal change. A total of 22 bacterial superphyla and phyla were found in the rumen, superphylum Bacteroidota and phylum Firmicutes being the dominating taxa (up to 48.1% ± 4.30% and 46.1% ± 4.80%, respectively); while only two archaeal phyla presented as minor communities (no more then 0.54% ± 0.14% totally). The percentages of the dominating taxa were not affected by age or season. However, significant changes in certain minor communities were found, with seasonal changes being more significant than age-related ones. The percentage of phylum Actinobacteriota significantly increased (19.3-fold) in SA, compared to WS (p = 0.02) in adults, and the percentage of phylum Cyanobacteria increased up to seven-fold (p = 0.002) in adults and calves. Seasonal changes in RM can improve the ability of reindeer to withstand the seasons characterized by a low availability of nutrients. The PICRUSt2 results revealed 257 predicted metabolic pathways in RM: 41 pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by season and/or age, including the processes of synthesis of vitamins, volatile fatty acids, and pigments; metabolism of protein, lipids, and energy; pathogenesis, methanogenesis, butanediol to pyruvate biosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, degradation of neurotransmitters, lactic acid fermentation, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids. A large part of these changeable pathways (13 of 41) was related to the synthesis of vitamin K homologues. Conclusion The results obtained improve our knowledge on the structure and possible metabolic pathways of the RM in reindeer, in relation to seasonal changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers (Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets

Yildirim

Ильина

Laptev

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Cellulolytic bacteria are sensitive to pH changes (in this regard, an increase in the content of starch and sugars leads to a decrease in pH to 5.8 units, and fiber fermentation is inhibited). During the studies, it was found that the addition of hay and silage to concentrated feeds does not make it possible to pH decrease with the active breakdown of concentrates and the release of a great amount of oligosaccharides [23][24][25][26]. This balance helps to provide the body of bull calves with energy not only to maintain metabolism, but also to super-maintain the growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating an Optimal Structure of the Diet to Increase the Productivity of Calves in Calves of Dairy Breeds

Lemiasheuski

Остренко

Ovcharova

2021

JPRI

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The diet of dairy bulls contains little high-quality protein. This primarily affects the main indicators of feed growth and conversion. Poor-quality protein in the diet leads to excessive formation of ammonia in the rumen. Increased concentrations of ammonia, does not participate in the synthesis of microbial protein and is excreted in the urine, which is an energy-consuming process and negatively affects the gains. Ammonia has a toxic effect, when an excessive amount of it enters the bloodstream, where it causes hyperamonymy, and creates an additional load on the liver. Aims: The aim of the study is to create an optimal structure of the diet, in which the protein will be completely utilized by the rumen microbiota and animal protein will be reproduced on its basis to create the growth potential of fattening bulls. The development of this diet will allow creating a technology for fattening steers for meat that is economically profitable with a high proportion of healthy animals with high productivity. Methodology: The studies were conducted on calves of the Kholmogorsky breed raised in the VNIIFBIP vivarium, aged from 1.5 months to 14 months. At the age of 1.5 months, the animals were intensively accustomed to the introduction of concentrates and coarse feeds. Feeding with a milk substitute was carried out up to the age of 70 days with free access to mixed feed and hay. Results: During the study, the main factors responsible for the metabolic processes in bull calves were identified. The factors of digestibility in the rumen were studied. Physiological and biochemical parameters were established to assess the reduction of the risks of hyperammonemia. The use of concentrated feed against the background of strict proportional administration together with coarse feed with intensive cultivation and fattening of dairy bulls and the normal course of enzymatic processes in the rumen and throughout the body allows you to achieve an average daily increase of up to 1420 g by 14 months of age and reduce feed conversion. Conclusion: The results obtained make it possible to increase the productivity of fattening steers in regions with a large number of dairy cattle and the availability of concentrated feed.

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“…Cellulolytic bacteria are sensitive to pH changes (in this regard, an increase in the content of starch and sugars leads to a decrease in pH to 5.8 units, and fiber fermentation is inhibited). During the studies, it was found that the addition of hay and silage to concentrated feeds does not make it possible to pH decrease with the active breakdown of concentrates and the release of a great amount of oligosaccharides [16][17][18][19]. This balance helps to provide the body of bull calves with energy not only to maintain metabolism, but also to super-maintain the growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of protein deficiency in dairy bull calves during fattening

Kharitonov¹,

Остренко

Lemiasheuski

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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The problem of low-quality protein in the diet of animals leads to excessive formation of a by-product (ammonia) in the rumen, which is not involved in the synthesis of microbial protein. The aim of the study is to develop a method for the prevention of protein deficiency in dairy bull calves. Bull calves of Kholmogorsk breed were grown in the vivarium of Institute under the controlled feeding and keeping conditions from 40 days of age to 14 months. Milk replacer feeding was carried out up to 70 days of age with free access to mixed feed and hay.In order to study the effect of concentrated feeds on metabolic processes and digestibility of nutrients, rumenal digestion factors were studied. It was found that physiological and biochemical parameters fit into reference values. The use of concentrated feed together with strict proportional administration of roughage during intensive growing and fattening of bull calves of dairy breeds makes it possible to reach an average daily increase of up to 1420 g by the age of 14 months and effectively pay for the feed with the productsupon the normal course of enzymatic processes in the rumen and throughout the body.

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Predictive ability of host genetics and rumen microbiome for subclinical ketosis

Cited by 25 publications

References 70 publications

The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers (Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets

The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers (Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets

Creating an Optimal Structure of the Diet to Increase the Productivity of Calves in Calves of Dairy Breeds

Prevention of protein deficiency in dairy bull calves during fattening

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