Predictions for Nucleate Boiling - Results From a Thermal Bench Marking Exercise Under Low Flow Conditions

Forced convection and nucleate boiling on a small flat heater in a rectangular duct: Experiments with two working fluids, a 50–50 ethylene glycol—water mixture, and water

“…Many approaches for the study of heat transfer characteristics for the cooling of IC engines have been carried out using uniformly heated circular ducts with various diameters and lengths in the flow channels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. On the other hand, there are also other approaches using rectangular ducts each with a small flat heater heated only from the bottom surface of the flow channel [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The main difference between the above two is that inlet conditions, such as the fluid temperature and velocity, in the case of a uniformly heated circular duct, intrinsically vary over the duct towards saturated conditions, so that local conditions at the measurements of the heat fluxes and surface temperatures may differ with the applied inlet conditions and the measurements show sensitivity to saturated conditions but not to inlet conditions; this can be seen in the work of Ambrogi et al [1].…”

Subcooled flow boiling of alumina/water nanofluid in a channel with a hot spot: An experimental study

“…The simulation of this type of flows with engine coolant application have been carried out in rectangular ducts with a small flat heated area at the bottom surface of the flow channel by many researchers [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”