Prediction of welding stresses in WIC test and its application in pipelines

Alipooramirabad, Houman; Paradowska, Anna; Ghomashchi, Reza; Kotousov, Andrei; Hoye, Nicholas P

doi:10.1080/02670836.2016.1200285

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The measurements were performed on a strain scanning diffractometer (KOWARI, ACNS, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Australia) [9]. A monochromatic beam with λ = 1.67 Å from Si{400} monochromator reflection was used in this analysis.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Lavigne

Kotousov

Luzin

2017

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper, the microstructural and mechanical properties of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) API 5L X52 steel, which is widely utilized in the construction of gas pipelines, were characterized with optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and standard mechanical tests. The outcomes of these characterizations were used to evaluate the strengthening contributions of the solid solution, grain size, dislocations, and precipitates to the overall strength of the steel. In addition, texture and residual stresses were determined with neutron diffraction. The residual stresses were found to be low in comparison with the expected stresses due to the operating pressure. However, these stresses could contribute to the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking at the outer surface of the pipe. Neutron diffraction results also suggested that the outer surface of the pipe had a texture that is expected to have a low resistance to high pH stress corrosion cracking. Both conclusions were found to be consistent with field observations.

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Section: Residual Stress Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Lavigne

Kotousov

Luzin

2017

Metals

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“…Residual strain/stress measurements were conducted in three principal directions including longitudinal (parallel to the welding direction), normal (through thickness of the plate) and transverse (perpendicular to the weld) orientations. Further details of instrumentation and fundamentals of neutron diffraction can be found elsewhere [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Weld Heat Treatment of API 5L X70 High Strength Low Alloy Steel Welds

et al. 2020

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High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels are the materials of choice in pipeline construction with the API X70 grade as the steel for the majority of pipeline networks constructed during the late 20th and early this century. This paper reports on the influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) on the reduction of residual stresses, resulting changes in the microstructure, and mechanical properties of a multi-pass, X70 HSLA steel, weld joints made by a combined Modified Short Arc Welding (MSAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) processes. Neutron diffraction results highlighted high magnitude of tensile residual stresses, in excess of yield strength of both parent and weld metal, in the as-welded specimen (~650 MPa), which were decreased substantially as a result of applying PWHT (~144 MPa). Detailed microstructural studies are reported to confirm the phase transformation during PWHT and its interrelationship with mechanical properties. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed polygonization and formation of sub-grains in the PWHT specimen which justifies the reduction of residual stress in the heat-treated weld joints. Furthermore, microstructural changes due to PWHT justify the improvement in ductility (increase in the elongations) with a slight reduction in yield and tensile strength for the PWHT weld joint.

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“…A 3D transient thermal analysis was conducted using a moving Gaussian heat source to compare the thermal response of the parent plate in the WIC and MWIC tests. The analysis methodology was similar to those employed by Darmadi et al [36], Iacobescu [37], Teixeria et al [38] and Alipooramirabad et al [39]. The heat input was calculated in 0.1 s intervals for 8 s and distributed with a standard deviation of 1 mm and a mean that moved from one side to the other at a speed of 7 mm s −1 along the weld surface.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified WIC test: an efficient and effective tool for evaluating pipeline girth weldability

Kurji

Coniglio

Griggs

et al. 2017

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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The Welding Institute of Canada (WIC) test is a simple and standardised weldability test for hydrogen assisted cold cracking that was developed in the 80s. It has been extensively utilised by the industry to qualify safe welding envelopes but the difficult access to the weldment by instrumentation hinders its use for scientific research. Moreover the lack of repeatability arising from the traditional manual deposit and the short weld length causes industrial trials to have a low success rate. The present work proposes a modified geometry, referred to as the modified WIC (MWIC) test that shows: (1) an improved success rate of weld deposition, (2) an enhancement to instrument the weldment and (3) welding conditions in better accordance with the field pipeline girth welding conditions. The design is validated under a mechanised, shielded metal arc welding process with the cellulosic electrodes used for in-field pipeline construction.

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Prediction of welding stresses in WIC test and its application in pipelines

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel

Post-Weld Heat Treatment of API 5L X70 High Strength Low Alloy Steel Welds

Modified WIC test: an efficient and effective tool for evaluating pipeline girth weldability

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