Prediction Model and Scoring System in Prevention and Control of Stunting Problems in Under Five-Year-Olds in Indonesia

Abstract

Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is a cause for concern. We used IFLS 2007 as secondary data in the cross-sectional study to develop a problem-solving and prevention model of stunting. The study was conducted in 2016 to predict a model from the characteristics, parents, and health care of the child. We recruited 3589 children under-five years from IFLS 2007 data as samples. The inclusion criteria are 1-5 years old children from 15-49 years old pregnant women, living with biological parents, available data of birth weight and gestational age, and do not have chronic disease. We used multiple logistic regression for modeling, and Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) Curve as a diagnostic test. We found that 39.5% of children under-five have stunting. Stunting protective factors are: prevention of LBW (Low Birth Weight) in infant, limitation of number of children by three, improved parenting for the boys, prevention of young-age pregnancy and stunting in the female adolescent. Other factors are completing immunization, improving maternal education and the health services of under-five children in rural areas, and improving Fe consumption for pregnant mothers. The model was able to prevent and delay the stunting in toddler by 64%, with 61.9% sensitivity and 60.9% specificity, and AUROC 65.5%. It is necessary to counsel the pregnant women with a low height and young-age pregnancy as a high risk, as well as management of the infant with LBW to prevent stunting.

Factors Associated with Stunted Children

“…This result is different than a study in Mexico which states that short maternal posture is a risk factor for stunted children [13]. Other experts argue that the maternal posture inherits genetically the posture of the child [15].…”

The Effectiveness of the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) Program on The Attitude of Mothers and Health Cadres on Stunting at Puskesmas Karanganom Klaten Central Java Republic of Indonesia

“…Compared to other factors such as disease history and family education, socio-economic conditions are the main determinants of the risk of stunting [23,24]. The research results by [8,24,25], the IPC Program focuses not only on increasing public knowledge, especially mothers of underfives, but in this study, there are also efforts to increase the knowledge and understanding of health cadres about stunting and child nutrition. Health cadres are a community institution that has a major role in guiding and assisting under-five mothers in stunting prevention.…”

“…The impact of stunting occurs in childhood and can continue during subsequent growth and development and even into adulthood Physically and psychologically [18][19][20][21]. If this condition is not addressed immediately, the demographic bonus that the Indonesian people should enjoy will turn into a disaster because many future generations are stunted [22,24]. The Indonesian government has been trying to control and reduce the prevalence of stunting since 2005.…”

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Stunting and Motor Skill Development of Toddlers in Urban and Rural Areas

“…World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned Indonesia was the third country with the highest prevalence stunting in the Southeast prevalence in rural areas is higher (45 %) than in urban areas (35.3 %). Toddlers in rural areas have a risk of stunting 1.27 times greater than toddlers in urban areas (Simbolon, Suryani, & Yorita, 2019).…”