Latar Belakang : Covid-19 disebabkan oleh virus baru yaitu Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sejak pertama ditemukan di Wuhan, Chinapada akhir 2019, telah menyebar dengan cepat sehingga menjadi pandemi global. Covid19 pada pasien dengan faktor komorbid mempunyai gejala dan komplikasi yang berat.Tujuan : mengidentifikasi faktor komorbid Covid-19 di Indonesia.Metode : scopying review, data elektronik diperoleh dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect,Pubmed yang dipublikasikan 2019 - 2020. Diperoleh 701 artikel, dianalisis denganpedoman PRISMA, hasil ada 5 artikel yang memenuhi syarat sesuai kriteria inklusi.Hasil : faktor komorbid Covid-19 di Indonesia yaitu usia lanjut (39,14%), diabetus melitus(9,79%), hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskuler (5,96%), kehamilan (1,43%), stroke(1,19%), PPOK (0,95%), Tuberkulosis Paru (0,72%), perokok (0,72%), penyakit ginjal(0,48%), gangguan immunitas (0,48%), asma (0,24%), hypertyroid (0,24%.Kesimpulan : faktor komorbid utama Covid-19 di Indonesia adalah usia lanjut, diabetusmelitus, dan hipertensi. Kata kunci: komorbid, Covid-19, Indonesia Background : Covid-19 is caused by a new virus, namely Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since it was first discovered in Wuhan, China atthe end of 2019, it has spread rapidly that it had become a global pandemic. Covid-19 inpatients with comorbid factors has severe symptoms and complications.The aim of the study : Identifying the Covid-19 comorbid factors in Indonesia.Subjects and methods : scopying review, electronic data obtained from Google Scholar,ScienceDirect, Pubmed published 2019 - 2020. Obtained 701 articles, analyzed withPRISMA guidelines, the results were 5 articles that met the requirements according to theinclusion criteria.Results : comorbid factors for Covid-19 in Indonesia are elderly (39.14%), diabetesmellitus (9.79%), hypertension and cardiovascular disease (5.96%), pregnancy (1.43%),stroke (1.19). %), COPD (0.95%), Pulmonary Tuberculosis (0.72%), smokers (0.72%),kidney disease (0.48%), immune disorders (0.48%), asthma (0, 24%), hypertyroid(0.24%.Conclusion : the main comorbid factors of Covid-19 in Indonesia are elderly, diabetesmellitus, and hypertension. Keywords : comorbid, Covid-19, Indonesia
Insomnia merupakan suatu keadaan ketidakmampuan mendapatkan tidur yang adekuat, baik kulitas maupun kuantitas. Merupakan gangguan tidur yang paling sering dialami oleh lansia. Di dunia, angka prevalensi insomnia pada lansia diperkirakan sebesar 13-47% dengan proporsi sekitar 50-70% terjadi pada usia diatas 65 tahun. Kondisi insomnia yang tidak kunjung mendapatkan solusi dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak buruk antara lain stres, gangguan mood, alkohol dan substance abuse yang nantinya akan berujung pada penurunan kualitas hidup pada usia lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas terapi rendam kaki menggunakan air hangat untuk menurunkan kejadian insomnia pada lansia. Jenis penelitian adalah analisis observasional dengan desain korelasi, untuk mengetahui pengaruh merendam kaki dengan air hangat terhadap insomnia pada lansia. Uji normalitas data menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Shapiro-Wilk sedangkan analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Subyek penelitian adalah Lansia di Kelurahan Mancasan, Kecamatan Baki, Kabupaten Sukoharjo dengan sampel sebanyak 35 orang diambil menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian insomnia pada lansia sebelum tindakan merendam kaki dengan air hangat sebelum tidur mayoritas mengalami insomnia berat sejumlah 17 (48,57%) sedangkan 14 (40%) mengalami insomnia sedang dan 4 (11,43%) mengalami insomnia ringan. Kejadian insomnia pada lansia setelah intervensi seluruhnya sejumlah 35 (100%) responden dengan insomnia ringan. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai rerata skor insomnia sebelum intervensi adalah 12,11 (insomnia sedang), sedangkan setelah intervensi adalah 4,6 (insomnia ringan) dengan p = 0,001. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara statistik terapi rendam kaki dengan air hangat terhadap penurunan kejadian insomnia (p = 0,001). Kata kunci: air hangat, insomnia, lansia Insomnia is a state of inability to get adequate sleep, both quality and quantity. It is the most common sleep disorder experienced by the elderly. In the world, the prevalence of insomnia in the elderly is estimated at 13-47% with a proportion of around 50-70% occurring in people over 65 years of age. Insomnia conditions that do not get a solution can cause various adverse effects, including stress, mood disorders, alcohol and substance abuse which will lead to a decrease in the quality of life in the elderly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of foot bath therapy using warm water to reduce the incidence of insomnia in the elderly. The method that the researcher will do is observational analysis with a correlation design, to determine the effect of soaking feet in warm water on insomnia in the elderly. There are 35 elderly people in Mancasan Village, Baki District, Sukoharjo Regency. The normality test of the data used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests while the data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Result showed that the incidence of insomnia in the elderly before the act of soaking the feet with warm water before going to bed the majority experienced severe insomnia in the amount of 17 (48.57%) while 14 (40%) experienced moderate insomnia and 4 (11.43%) experienced mild insomnia. The incidence of insomnia in the elderly after the intervention were 35 (100%) respondents with mild insomnia. The results of data analysis showed that the mean score of insomnia before the intervention was 12.11 (moderate insomnia), while after the intervention was 4.6 (mild insomnia) with p = 0.001. The conclusion of the study is there was a statistically significant effect of foot bath therapy with warm water on the reduction in the incidence of insomnia (p = 0.001). Keywords: elderly, insomnia, warm water
Background. Prevalensidiabetes mellitus in Indonesia potentially increased dramatically from 8.4 million people in 2000 to 21.3 million people in 2030. Diabetes mellitus may develop so bad with various complicated, diabetus mellitus of year to year growing a wide range of treatment options including non- medicinal chemistry ( Hebal ) . One type of therapy is continuously studied using mangosteen peel efectivitness. Research Objectives. Knowing the effect of the consumption of mangosteen rind to decrease blood sugar in the Village District of Boja Meteseh Kendal This is a research Methods. Quasi experiment with pre- post design eksperimental.Responden study are all patients with diabetes mellitus in the village of Boja Meteseh many as 17 people , as many as 16 samples taken. Sampling technic used was simple random sampling . Data obtained by the method of observation of assessing the results of measurements of blood sugar levels before and after taking of mangosteen skin . The data were processed with pairet t - test ( p = 0.05 ) using SPSS 18 . Results : ( 1 ) blood sugar levels before taking mangosteen peel at the most in the range of 301-400 mg / dL with a percentage of 43.75 % , the lowest blood sugar levels in the category of 501-600 mg / dL , with a percentage of 12.5 % , with an average value of 392.63 . ( 2 ) Blood sugar levels after consumption of mangosteen peel at the most in the range of 200-300 mg / dL , the percentage of blood sugar levels are the lowest in the category of 501-600 mg / dL , with a percentage of 12.5 % , with an average value of 371.31 mg / dL ( 3 ) There are significant differences in blood sugar levels before and after consuming mangosteen peel with a value of 0.001 t - Test Conclusion : Consumption of mangosteen peel significant effect on lowering blood sugar levels by t - test results of 5 % ( 0.05), obtained P value of 0.001. Keywords: Blood Sugar Levels, Skin Mangosteen, Diabetes Mellitus
Global warming has become an increasingly important issue around the world today due to the rise of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emission, which gives several negative impacts on human life. There are some techniques have been studied and assessed i.e. physical mechanism by injected CO2 to the geological formations, chemical mechanism with artificial tree technology and biological mechanism by increasing the primary production through iron enrichment in high nutrient-low chlorophyll (HNLC) waters as well as mixing of water column below the sea surface. Those technologies, which are well known as Carbon Capture Storage ‘(CCS) technology, are expected to be applied to reduce the oncentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere and to minimize the global warming. The Center of Environmental Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) will carry out a research concerning CO2 reduction by a phytoplankton culture in a photobioreactor in three years. The main objective of this research is to assess the CO2 uptake capability of tropical phytoplankton. In this paper, we would showed the creteria and design to assembly a photobioreactor esspesially a air lift photobioreactor. To improve performance photobioreaktor, the materials included design criteria and the dynamics of fluids in fotobioreaktor have to considered propoerly. Other the hand, the selection of the most productive species and selection of appropriate media and economically also important to be done. Keywords: global warming, creteria and design, greenhouse gas, air lift photobioreactor
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