Predicting the impact of salt mixtures on the air-water interfacial behavior of PFAS

Le, Song-Thao; Gao, Yi; Kibbey, Tohren C.G.; Glamore, William; O'Carroll, D. M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151987

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In synthetic groundwaters, the surface tension decreased more markedly as the chain length and concentration of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid increased and consequently the K ai as well as adsorption energy increased with compound chain length. The effect of ionic composition on surface tension and on K ai was examined by Brusseau and Van Glubt (2019), Li et al (2021) and Le et al (2022). These studies showed that salt concentration and type have a strong influence on retention and mobility of PFAS in unsaturated soils.…”

Section: Effect Of Solution Ph Ionic Strength and Type Of Cations On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key properties governing sorption–desorption behaviour of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in saturated and unsaturated soils: a review

et al. 2022

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Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely used worldwide over the last seven decades in >200 diverse industrial applications. Thousands of different PFAS have been used in a wide range of products, such as food packaging, water-repellent and stain-resistant clothing and fire-fighting foams. Partially due to their extreme stability and high mobility, PFAS are now ubiquitous in the environment. Due to their prolonged persistence, some PFAS have been added to the list of persistent organic pollutants. Sorption is one of the fundamental processes that governs environmental fate and effects of organic chemicals. In recent years, a significant body of literature has been published on sorption of PFAS in soils. However, there are conflicting reports about the soil or sediment properties that may be used to predict the mobility of PFAS in the soil environment. This is not surprising because PFAS have complex chemical properties (anionic, cationic and zwitterionic charges together with surface active properties) that influence their sorption-desorption behaviour. Additionally, PFAS show a fluidwater interfacial adsorption phenomenon and such interfaces offer additional retention mechanisms in unsaturated or oil-contaminated soils. In this review, we analyse the literature on sorption and desorption of PFAS to evaluate the dominant soil and solution properties that govern their sorption-desorption behaviour in saturated and unsaturated soils. We also identify the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to gain a sound understanding of their sorption-desorption behaviour in saturated as well as unsaturated soils.

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Section: Effect Of Solution Ph Ionic Strength and Type Of Cations On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modelling studies (e.g. Le et al 2022) have highlighted, through an example, that the failure to account for the effect of divalent cations can significantly underestimate the retention of PFAS in unsaturated systems.…”

Section: Effect Of Solution Ph Ionic Strength and Type Of Cations On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Key properties governing sorption–desorption behaviour of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in saturated and unsaturated soils: a review

et al. 2022

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“…The importance of interfacial adsorption to the fate and transport of PFAS in the environment as well as in other environmental applications, such as treatment associated with foam-forming processes have been widely reported. [6][7][8][9][10][11] However, with a few recent exceptions (e.g., ref. 12 and 13), few studies of PFAS environmental behavior have explicitly explored the effect of mixture composition on PFAS behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case because the behavior of ionic PFAS components is highly sensitive to salt concentration and composition, so the relative adsorption of individual PFAS components in a mixture is likely to change depending on salt composition. 10,14 The ability to make quantitative predictions in these scenarios is especially important because the concentration and composition of salts in environmental waters varies widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fundamental model for calculating interfacial adsorption of complex ionic and nonionic PFAS mixtures in the presence of mixed salts

Gao

Kibbey

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…One key difference is that some PFAS can be retained in the unsaturated zone for many years due to electrostatic sorption and sorption caused by PFAS (a surfactant) partitioning to air/water interfaces in the unsaturated zone. Based on experimental and modeling studies (e.g., Costanza et al, 2019;Guo et al, 2020Guo et al, , 2022Le et al, 2022;Silva et al, 2020;Wallis et al, 2022;Zeng et al, 2021;and Stults et al, 2022; also see Supporting Information), these sorption processes can retain significant mass in the unsaturated zone for decades or longer, thereby reducing the mass discharge of PFAS to groundwater and protecting groundwater receptors from immediate impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining groundwater recharge for quantifying PFAS mass discharge from unsaturated source zones

Newell,

Stockwell,

Alanis

et al. 2023

Vadose Zone Journal

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Soil-to-groundwater contaminant mass discharge (M d ) is the authoritative metric defining source strength at sites impacted by per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and is increasingly being reported. Accurate estimates of groundwater recharge at representative spatial scales, however, is critical to quantitatively estimating M d , which to date has received comparatively little attention relative to PFAS-specific partitioning and retention processes within unsaturated zone source areas despite a plethora of available literature. The objective of this review is to summarize the concept of M d as it applies to PFAS-impacted sites, present standardized terminology, and collate published literature on groundwater recharge for Abbreviations: A, area of vadose zone source; a, fraction of precipitation that is converted to recharge (unitless); AFFF, aqueous film-forming foam; ASTM, Formerly American Society for Testing and Materials; AWI, air-water interfacial adsorption; CFS, chlorofluorocarbons; C gw , concentration of PFAS in groundwater downgradient of a PFAS unsaturated zone source area (mass per volume); C L , concentration of PFAS in porewater in the unsaturated source zone; C P , porewater concentration; C sw , maximum concentration of the contaminant from a groundwater supply well if the plume is fully captured by the well (mass per volume); C uz , concentration of chloride in unsaturated zone; d, mixing zone depth (length); d a , aquifer thickness (length); DAF, dilution-attenuation factor; DEP,

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Predicting the impact of salt mixtures on the air-water interfacial behavior of PFAS

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Key properties governing sorption–desorption behaviour of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in saturated and unsaturated soils: a review

Key properties governing sorption–desorption behaviour of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in saturated and unsaturated soils: a review

A fundamental model for calculating interfacial adsorption of complex ionic and nonionic PFAS mixtures in the presence of mixed salts

Determining groundwater recharge for quantifying PFAS mass discharge from unsaturated source zones

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