“…The government also provides assistance to poor students to continue their education, especially in the face of high dropout rates (Suprastowo, 2021). Another policy is the effort to provide textbooks through an e-book system so that students can upload, own, and stimulate students to think creatively (Sari, 2019;Rajan, Alam, Kia, & Subramaniam, 2021). Recently, the government has also made efforts to provide information and communication technology as a responsive and adaptive attitude to be developed and utilized in learning (Lazear, 2002;Pearlman, 2006;NIE'S, 2015;Agung, 2017;Ministry of Education and Culture, 2021).…”