Predicting Adult Criminality Among Louisiana’s Urban Youth: Poverty, Academic Risk, and Delinquency

Jaggers, Jeremiah W.; Robison, Samuel B.; Rhodes, Judith L. F.; Xian, Guan; Church, Wesley T.

doi:10.1086/685089

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In the present study school dropout was examined from a multidimensional approach, where individual, family and school (Andrei et al, 2012; Bjerk, 2012; Fortin et al, 2013; Korhonen et al, 2014) correlates of school dropout were analyzed among juvenile offenders, a population with a high risk of school dropout (Lochner and Moretti, 2004; Dianda, 2008; Ou and Reinolds, 2010; Andrei et al, 2012; De Witte et al, 2013; Korhonen et al, 2014; Einat and Einat, 2015; Lucero et al, 2015; Herrero et al, 2016; Jaggers et al, 2016). The official records of 264 juvenile delinquents were used to analyze the individual, family, and school correlates of school dropout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature has traditionally analyzed dropout and delinquency in adult samples, mostly penitentiary samples, where crime has been studied as a result of school dropout and other school factors, such as school belonging (Lucero et al, 2015), learning-disabilities, attitudes toward school and scholastic experiences (Einat and Einat, 2015), school expulsion (Jaggers et al, 2016) or school mobility (Ou and Reinolds, 2010). For instance, Dianda (2008) found that 41% of inmates in state and federal prisons in the United States had less than a high school education, indicating that inmates who were dropouts were more likely to have served a prior sentence in prison and were more likely to have been sentenced when they were young.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for School Dropout in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

et al. 2016

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Backgrounds: The high rates of school dropout worldwide and their relevance highlight the need for a close study of its causes and consequences. Literature has suggested that school dropout might be explained by multiple causes at different levels (individual, family, school, and neighborhood). The aim of the current study is to examine the relation between individual (defiant attitude, irresponsibility, alcohol abuse, and illegal drugs use), family (educational figure absent and parental monitoring), school factors (truancy and school conflict) and school dropout.Method: Judicial files of all juvenile offenders (218 males and 46 females) with a judicial penal measure in Asturias (Spain) in the year 2012 were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationships between school dropout and individual, family and school variables.Results: As for the individual characteristics, results showed that school dropouts were more irresponsible than non-dropouts. Also they had higher rates of illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Moreover, lack of parental monitoring emerged as a key predictive factor of school dropout, beyond the type of family structure in terms of the presence of both or only one educational figure. Finally, school factors did not show a significant relationship to school dropout.Conclusions: These findings indicate that school dropout is a multidimensional process. School and family policies that emphasize the role of parental monitoring and prevent alcohol and substance abuse are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for School Dropout in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

et al. 2016

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“…Researchers argue that this extensive use of school exclusion has contributed to the existence of a “school-to-prison pipeline,” a pathway forcing youth out of school systems and into justice systems (Heitzeg, 2009; Kim, 2009; Skiba, Arredondo, & Williams, 2014a; Wald & Losen, 2003). Research exploring the relationship between experiences of exclusionary discipline and subsequent justice system involvement finds a significant association between suspension/expulsion and a youth’s odds of justice system contact (Fabelo et al, 2011; Jaggers, Robison, Rhodes, Guan, & Church, 2016; Monahan, VanDerhei, Bechtold, & Cauffman, 2014; Mowen & Brent, 2016; Wolf & Kupchik, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The School-To-Prison Pipeline: An Examination of the Association Between Suspension and Justice System Involvement

Novak

2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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The purpose of this study is to contribute to understanding the school-to-prison pipeline by examining the extent to which low school commitment and deviant peer association mediate the relationship between suspension by age 12 and justice system involvement by age 18. The analysis was performed in two steps using structural equation modeling and data from the LONGSCAN study ( N = 837). Results of the full model indicate that suspension by the age of 12 is associated with justice system involvement directly and indirectly. Directly, youth who are suspended by age 12 are more likely to report justice system involvement at age 18; indirectly, these youth are more likely to associate with deviant peers in adolescence, increasing their odds of justice system involvement.

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“…At-risk youth outside of mainstream educational establishments have difficulty maintaining educational achievements (1) and are at a greater risk of a host of social difficulties (2). Youth who have been classified as "at-risk" demonstrate poorer executive functions, such as planning and monitoring, as compared to a community based control sample (3), and it is this specific element of cognitive functions that is widely related to the externalizing behaviors in children, youth, and adults (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Caregiving During Childhood is Related to Later Executive Functions and Antisocial Behavior in At-Risk Boys

et al. 2020

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Executive functions are considered essential for effective navigation in the social world. Parental responsiveness is a critical ingredient for normative social development and, as such, may be connected with the development of executive functions. Disruption of this development may, in turn, lead to maladaptive and antisocial behaviors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature of the connections among perceived patterns of caregiving experienced in childhood, executive functions, and antisocial behaviors in atrisk adolescents. Seventy-one adolescent boys were recruited from two high-schools for adolescents who were not deemed suitable for regular schooling due to behavioral and emotional issues. Executive functions were tested using a computer-administered neuropsychological battery (CANTAB), and maternal parenting experiences and antisocial behaviors were assessed using retrospective and current questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to examine whether executive functions mediated the relationship between children's perceived patterns of maternal care and subsequent development of antisocial behaviors. Although maternal care had a significant direct effect on executive function (standardized coefficient = .49, p = .03) and antisocial behavior (standardized coefficient = .53, p = .05), SEM demonstrated no mediating relationships among these variables. Instead, maternal care predicted unique variance in both executive functions (standardized coefficient = .61, p = .02) and antisocial behavior (standardized coefficient = .51, p = .05). This study suggests a link between the experience of childhood caregiving and adolescent executive functions and delinquency and highlights the importance of early parenting interventions to aid executive function development. Such early interventions could potentially enhance longterm pro-social behavior.

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Predicting Adult Criminality Among Louisiana’s Urban Youth: Poverty, Academic Risk, and Delinquency

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Risk Factors for School Dropout in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

Risk Factors for School Dropout in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

The School-To-Prison Pipeline: An Examination of the Association Between Suspension and Justice System Involvement

Perception of Caregiving During Childhood is Related to Later Executive Functions and Antisocial Behavior in At-Risk Boys

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