a b s t r a c tIn this study we apply the versatile/specialist offender debate to the research of intimate partner violence. We propose the existence of two types of imprisoned male batterers: the generalist and the specialist batterer. The individual, family, and community characteristics of these types of batterers are further explored in 110 imprisoned males in the Penitentiary of Villabona (Spain). As for the individual characteristics, results indicate that the generalist batterer present higher levels of psychopathology (specially antisocial and borderline personality), sexist attitudes, and substance dependence. Specialist batterers presented higher levels of conflict in their family of origin. Finally, generalist batterers reported coming from more socially disordered communities and showed lower levels of participation and integration in these communities than the specialist batterer. These results suggest that the classical distinctions among batterers based on psychopathology and context of violence (whether general or family only) might be of little utility when applied to imprisoned male batterers. Generalistas frente a especialistas: hacia una tipología de maltratadores encarceladosPalabras clave: Maltratador Encarcelado Tipología Psicopatología Comunidad Familia Historia delictiva r e s u m e n En este estudio aplicamos el debate del delincuente versátil/especialista a la investigación de la violencia de pareja. Proponemos que hay dos tipos de maltratadores masculinos en prisión: el generalista y el especialista. Se profundiza en la exploración de las características familiares, individuales y comunitarias de ambos tipos de maltratadores en 110 varones encarcelados en la prisión de Villabona (España). Sobre las características individuales los resultados indican que el maltratador generalista tiene niveles elevados de psicopatología (sobre todo personalidad antisocial y límite), actitudes sexistas y dependencia de sustancias. Los maltratadores especialistas tenían niveles elevados de conflicto con la familia de origen. Por último, los maltratadores generalistas afirmaban que procedían de comunidades más desestructuradas socialmente que los maltratadores especialistas. Estos resultados indican que la distinción clásica entre maltratadores según la psicopatología y el contexto de la violencia (únicamente la general o familiar) pudiera ser poco útil en el caso de los maltratadores masculinos encarcelados. In the last decades, the study of typologies of batterers has provided empirical evidence on the heterogeneous nature of partner violence and has pointed out how typologies could be of help in identifying different etiological mechanisms of partner violence (Capaldi & Kim, 2007). In their influential review, * Corresponding author. Despacho 233. Plaza Feijoo s/n. 33003 Oviedo, Spain.E-mail address: olaizola@uniovi.es (J. Herrero). Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) proposed that batterers might be classified along three dimensions: (a) severity and frequency of marital violence, (b) generality of ...

Backgrounds: The high rates of school dropout worldwide and their relevance highlight the need for a close study of its causes and consequences. Literature has suggested that school dropout might be explained by multiple causes at different levels (individual, family, school, and neighborhood). The aim of the current study is to examine the relation between individual (defiant attitude, irresponsibility, alcohol abuse, and illegal drugs use), family (educational figure absent and parental monitoring), school factors (truancy and school conflict) and school dropout.Method: Judicial files of all juvenile offenders (218 males and 46 females) with a judicial penal measure in Asturias (Spain) in the year 2012 were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationships between school dropout and individual, family and school variables.Results: As for the individual characteristics, results showed that school dropouts were more irresponsible than non-dropouts. Also they had higher rates of illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Moreover, lack of parental monitoring emerged as a key predictive factor of school dropout, beyond the type of family structure in terms of the presence of both or only one educational figure. Finally, school factors did not show a significant relationship to school dropout.Conclusions: These findings indicate that school dropout is a multidimensional process. School and family policies that emphasize the role of parental monitoring and prevent alcohol and substance abuse are recommended.

A B S T R A C TResearch on male batterers has found that in some cases of severe intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, male aggressors were also generally violent beyond the family realm. These findings have been used by researchers to illustrate the common etiology of both general and IPV. Using data from imprisoned male violent offenders, we analyzed the individual, family, and community characteristics of two groups of violent offenders: generalist batterers (GB) and generally extra-family violent men (GEVM). GB offenders had a judicial sentence on IPV-related offenses (gender violence according to the Spanish legislation), while GEVM offenders did not have any IPV-related judicial sentence. The sample includes 153 imprisoned male violent offenders of the Penitentiary Center of Villabona (Asturias, Spain). Sociodemographic measures, and criminal and justice official records of participants are available. Two groups of participants (GB and GEVM) distinction was done based on official records. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) was carried out to study differences between each group of participants in self-reported measures of personal, family, and community context variables. MANCOVA showed no statistical differences among the individual, family, and community characteristics of these two groups, giving empirical support to the theoretical view that general violence and IPV might share a common etiology. These results are discussed in light of the debate about the potentially common etiology of these two types of violence.

Resumen La violencia entre parejas de adolescentes es un tema de relevancia a nivel social, destacando por sus tasas de prevalencia y graves consecuencias. Como objetivo, se plantea comprobar los niveles de prevalencia de sucesos violentos en parejas adolescentes y jóvenes, y determinar los niveles de concordancia en la ocurrencia de la violencia en base a la información aportada por ambos miembros de la pareja. La muestra se conforma de 106 parejas con un rango de edad entre 18 y 30 años. Se aplicó de forma independiente el cuestionario de violencia entre novios, versión para parejas (CUVINO-VA). Los resultados reflejaron una alta prevalencia de violencia en sus relaciones de noviazgo y elevadas discrepancias en su percepción, estadísticamente significativas, tanto en varones como mujeres tanto en los roles de agresión como de victimización.

A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to describe and compare the educational, social, and family profiles of adults with and without ADHD from two different settings: a prison and an outpatient psychiatric setting. A total of 542 participants, aged between 17 and 69 years, took part in the study. The participants consisted of four groups: a prison sample with ADHD (n = 69) and without ADHD (n = 183), and an outpatient psychiatric sample with ADHD (n = 218) and without ADHD (n = 72). The results showed that, firstly, there were some statistically significant differences between the groups in academic history, social and family situation, and the adoption of risk behaviors during adolescence and early adulthood. Secondly, some of these differences were related to diagnosis (ADHD versus non-ADHD) while others were related to the sample being examined (prison versus psychiatric). The findings from the study showed the presence of significant implications in social, family, educational, and employment achievements both for adults with ADHD (both prison and psychiatric samples) and for adults without ADHD.Perfiles psicosociales de adultos con TDAH: un estudio comparativo con muestras reclusa y clínica R E S U M E N Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y comparar los perfiles educativos, sociales y familiares de un grupo de adultos con y sin TDAH de dos muestras diferentes: una de carcelarios y una población clínica. Formaron parte del estudio 542 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 69 años. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos, un grupo de carcelarios con TDAH (n = 69) y sin TDAH (n = 183) y un grupo clínico con TDAH (n = 218) y sin TDAH (n = 72). Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis inicial, que establece que, primero, hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a historial académico, situación social y familiar y la adopción de conductas de riesgo durante la adolescencia y la adultez temprana; en segundo lugar, algunas de las diferencias se relacionarán con el diagnóstico de TDAH, mientras que otras estarán más vinculadas a la población examinada. Los hallazgos del estudio mostraron la presencia de consecuencias significativas para los contextos sociales, familiares, educativos y laborales tanto en poblaciones adultas con TDAH (pacientes en carcelarios y clínicos) como aquellas sin TDAH.

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ResumenEl estudio de las relaciones de noviazgo violentas en la juventud y adolescencia (Dating Violence, DV) es un campo de especial interés, tanto por su prevalencia, como por constituir el inicio del aprendizaje de la dinámica de relaciones de pareja en la edad adulta. Uno de los desafíos en este campo es la identificación de los factores de riesgo y protección que deben constituir la base para la elaboración de programas de prevención. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existen diferencias en el perfil de maltrato entre agresores de pareja especialistas (expresan sus conductas agresivas exclusivamente con Correspondencia: Luis Rodríguez-Franco. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos. Universidad de Sevilla.

Resumen: La alarma social generada por la delincuencia juvenil se ve incrementada cuando el infractor, además, es extranjero. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el perfil sociodemográfico, la problemática psicológica y delictiva de estos jó-venes, estableciendo una comparación entre los menores extranjeros no acompañados (MENAs) y los acompañados (procedentes de reagrupaciones familiares). La muestra se compone del total de menores infractores extranjeros en el Principado de Asturias (España) en 2012 (N = 90; n = 61 acompañados, n = 29 no acompañados). Se utiliza el estadístico X 2 / la Prueba U de Mann-Withney para establecer dicha comparación, presentando el Odds Ratio/el estadístico d de Cohen como medida de la asociación/tamaño del efecto. Los resultados ofrecen similitudes entre ambos grupos en edad (15.5 años aproximadamente) y tipo de la primera infracción cometida (contra el patrimonio); sin embargo, ofrecen diferencias en base al género, la edad de llegada a España, el patrón de consumo de sustancias, la problemática psicoló-gica, el nivel de reincidencia y las infracciones cometidas y medidas judiciales aplicadas a lo largo de sus carreras delictivas. Los resultados refieren que no se trata de un colectivo homogéneo, siendo discutidas sus implicaciones de cara a una orientación en la intervención desde el Sistema de Protección y Justicia Juvenil. Abstract:The social alarm generated by juvenile delinquency is increased when the offender is also foreign. The aim of this paper is to analyze the socio-demographic, psychological and criminal problems of these children, establishing a comparison of unaccompanied foreign minors (MENAs, by its acronym in Spanish) and accompanied foreign minors (from family reunification). The sample consists of all offenders foreign minors in the Principality of Asturias (Spain) in 2012 (N = 90; n = 61 accompanied; n = 29 unaccompanied). X 2 / U test of Mann-Whitney statistical was used to set the comparison, presenting the Cohen's Odds Ratio/d as a measure of association/effect size. The results showed similarities between the two groups in age (15.5 years) and the type of first offense (against property). However, there are some differences by gender, age of arrival in Spain, the pattern of substance use, psychological problems, the level of recidivism, offenses and judicial measures applied throughout their criminal careers. The results refer which is not a homogeneous group, being discussed the implications to a counseling intervention from the Protection and Juvenile Justice System. Palabras clave: menor infractor, extranjero, abuso de sustancias, reincidencia, intervención.