Predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among urban population in Salem

Abstract

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and 10 year risk of cardiovascular events among women over the age of 40 years in an urban underprivileged area of Bangalore City

“…[ 20 ] The number of diabetics in India has more than doubled from 26 million in 1990 to 65 million in 2016. [ 21 ] This high prevalence of diabetes has also been shown among women in urban Salem (18%)[ 15 ] and also reflected in our study which found that one in every five women were diabetic and one-fourth in prediabetic stage. A study in Bangalore found 15.1% diabetes and 13.8% prediabetes among urban slum-dwelling women.…”

“…[ 8 ] However, a lower proportion was seen in two studies in Tamil Nadu. One in Salem, among women aged 40–70 years which found 6.5% high CVD risk[ 15 ] and the other in a village near Chennai among both men and women, where 6.25% had high CVD risk. [ 16 ] These geographic and rural/urban contextual differences have also been exhibited in a systematic analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) rates in India, where CHD rates were higher in rural North India and urban South India,[ 17 ] owing to commonality in patterns unhealthy diet and physical inactivity.…”

Risk assessment for non- communicable diseases among adult population of area adopted by urban and rural health care training centre of IGGMC, Nagpur: A cross sectional study

“…A cross-sectional study conducted by Premanandh K et.al. 17 also showed that abdominal obesity and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with higher CVD risk.…”

Predicting 10-year Cardiovascular Risk Using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Chart among Rural Population in Haryana, India

“…A study conducted in Salem ( Premanandh K, Shankar R (2018) ) revealed that most of subjects had low CVD risk. 4 A study was conducted in Malaysia (2013) with a cross-sectional design. Total 196 subjects (aged 40-70 years) were selected who was attending outpatient clinic, USM hospital.…”

“…A cross-sectional study in Salem (Premanandh K, Shankar R (2018)) also showed that abdominal obesity and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. 4 A study with community based approach and cross-sectional design was carried out in rural areas of Mysuru concluded that High BMI, abdominal obesity, smoking and alcohol is significantly related to Increasing the risk of CVD. 9…”