Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.
Background: Infant and young child feeding is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. NFHS-4 2015-16 reveals improvement in EBF from 46.4% (NFHS-3) to 54.9% in India. Improvement is less in urban area (46.8%) as compared to rural area (54.2%). NFHS 4 reveals decline in EBF from 51.3% (NFHS-3) to 41.6% in Uttar Pradesh. Aims & Objectives: To compare the finding of feeding practices and nutritional status between urban and rural children. Settings and Design: Conducted in the field practice areas of Rural and Urban Health training centre of Muzaffarnagar Medical College. A list of all the registered children up to two years of age was obtained. Period of study was one year. Methods and Material: The sample size calculated using prevalence for urban and rural at 12% permissible error of P. The total sample size (250+ 660) 910 was taken. Statistical analysis used: The data analysed using StatCalc version 8.2.2 software. Results: 43.6% of the children were being exclusively breastfed in rural areas vis-à-vis 29.8% in urban areas. 40.4% were timely fed and 24% were late in starting complementary feeding. Appropriate caloric intake was seen only in 37.9% children. Maximum appropriate intake was there in 0-6 month’s children (62.8%) and this progressively decreased as the age increased, to 40.5%, 17.1% at 6-12 month’s, 12-24 months respectively. Thus age was significantly associated with mean deficiency of calories (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Age of the child was found to be associated with mean deficiency of calories. 33.3% of children fell in the category of wasting and 48.6% of children were stunted
Background:A trend in blood pressure over a period of time in children is important predictor of subsequent trends in adult hypertension. Although blood pressure normally increases with growth and development, children with higher levels of blood pressure intend to maintain that position relative to their peer group as they mature or track into higher levels of blood pressure in adulthood and BMI acts as a major risk factor for hypertension not only in adults but also among children. Aim: To assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among children aged 10 to 16 years and also to assess the association between BMI, age and blood pressure. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for period of one year in the field practicing area of our medical college hospital. All children aged between 10 and 16 years irrespective of gender were included as our study subjects. A total of 1060 school children were included in our study. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information regarding the demographic details of the children and for all the children weight and height was measured and BMI was calculated and the blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer using the appropriate cuff size for the age. Results: The correlation between BMI and hypertension showed a strong positive correlation between BMI and systolic BP among both males (r=0.827) and females (r=0.714) and the correlation was found to be statistically significant whereas among BMI and diastolic BP among males (r=0.838) it showed a statistically significant correlation but among females (r=0.515) the correlation between BMI and diastolic BP was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As high BP was found to be strongly associated with overweight/ obesity in this study, we recommend screening of BP should be carried out routinely in children and adolescents.
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