Precursors of instability in a natural slope due to rainfall: a full-scale experiment

Field Measurements of Passive Earth Forces in Steep, Shallow, Landslide‐Prone Areas

“…Furthermore, the dissipation of excess pore water pressure occurs until a steady state is reached, and the increase of connectivity of water‐saturated pores causes a reduction of the soil shear resistance along the slip surface, which leads to failure. This conceptualization is well documented by several studies (Askarinejad et al, , ; Lehmann et al, ).…”

“…Askarinejad et al () conducted a full‐scale landslide‐triggering experiment on a natural sandy slope near the village of Rüdlingen (Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland) to determine the precursors of soil instability, and they monitored the horizontal earth pressure using three pressure transducers pushed into the soil at 0.60 m of depth and positioned in different zones of the test site during the triggering mechanism caused by an artificial rainfall. The maximum horizontal passive earth pressures varied from 12.30 to 33.55 kPa, which approximately correspond to forces ranging between 3.50 and 10.10 kN.…”

“…For example, the assumption of a rigid sliding block implies that ultimate states of active and passive forces act simultaneously. To overcome such limitations, the role of soil displacement becomes crucial, and including this factor requires consideration of the timing of when earth forces are actively applied to the sliding soil mass, which may improve the results as shown in Askarinejad et al (, ) and later in Cohen and Schwarz (). For more details, see Text S2 in the supporting information.…”

Analysis of Geotechnical-Assisted 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring of Slope Instability in Residual Soil of Weathered Granitic Basement

“…The unconsolidated loose soil materials undergo rapid infiltration during heavy rainfall and become saturated. Infiltration of rainwater into the ground increases the soil saturation and pore water pressures which are inimical to landslide (Askarinejad et al, 2018). According to the available data on global catalog of landslides, with Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis records, they have shown that a majority of landslide occurrences over the world were triggered by extreme rainfall events (Kirschbaum et al, 2015;Whiteley et al, 2019).…”

An Attempt to Quantify the Lag Time of Hydrodynamic Action Based on the Long-Term Monitoring of a Typical Landslide, Three Gorges, China

“…Shilin Zhang et al [19] studied the deformation process for a planar slide in the Mayanpo massive bedding rock slope at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station and found that rainfall can both (a) enable kinematic feasibility and creep deformation and (b) trigger the ceaseless propagation of the sliding zone. Based on a full-scale experiment on a natural slope failure due to rainfall, Amin Askarinejad et al [20] analyzed the rate of the changes in various hydromechanical parameters and studied the precursors of instability. Javed Iqbal et al [21] focused on analyzing the role of reservoir filling and fluctuation in the activation/reactivation of the landslide and selected an active landslide in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir area, Southwest China, as a case study.…”