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Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is widely known as the relationship between matric suction and water content. It is used as a tool to determine the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and to predict soil water storage. Direct measurement is difficult and time-consuming. Many empirical models have been developed to represent SWCC. The objective of this study is to validate the Van Genuchten and Fredlund and Xing models. The SWCC was obtained from pressure plate tests for different soil gradations of mining tailing sand samples taken from Kuala Trong, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia. The results presented include moisture content and degree of saturation versus matric suction. The constructed SWCCs were fitted using the Van Genuchten and Fredlund and Xing equations, and the behaviour of the parameters analysed and discussed. The study found that this method is good for the SWCC for mining tailing sand, and that SWCC is greatly affected by initial water content and the grain size of the sample.

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Issues of global warming are important. The effects of illuminance level of natural light on the earth’s surface. The use of natural light into buildings can minimize energy consumption as a source of artificial lighting, but it is important to attention to negative effects such as glare, brightness and thermal. The Aryaduta Hotel building located on the coastal area, is an object of research that needs to analyze the distribution of natural light come in to the building. The purpose of this study was to determine how the distribution of natural light in buildings on the coastal area. The results of research concluded that the farther away from the veil the building then the light distribution will decrease, orientation of the building affects the distribution of sunlight and distribution of natural light into the building affects the sun’s radiation in the morning, afternoon and evening. This research can be the base for energy efficient building design.

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