Pre and Post Natal Exposure of Fluoride Induced Oxidative Macromolecular Alterations in Developing Central Nervous System of Rat and Amelioration by Antioxidants

Abstract

The effect of fluoride exposure during gestation and post gestation periods were studied to check the status of oxidant, antioxidant and macromolecular changes in CNS and ameliorative role of antioxidants. The pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to 50 and 150 ppm fluoride in drinking water and the pups born to them were used for experimentation. After postpartum, the pups were administered daily selected antioxidants through oral gavage. On 21st postnatal day pups were sacrificed and biochemical parameters were assessed. Fluoride exposure substantially increased the activity/levels of fluoride, LPO, protein oxidation, MAO-B, GOT, GPT and decreased protein thiols, RNA and total proteins in discrete regions of CNS. The findings evidenced fluoride induced dyshomeostasis caused on antioxidants, enzymes, macromolecules and governed the pathophysiological events leading to functional loss in a dose dependent manner. The administration of antioxidants remedied the disquiet caused by high fluoride exposure at extreme vulnerable periods of life.

The Influence of Fluorine on the Disturbances of Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System

“…In the central nervous system, the intensity of the processes that utilize oxygen is very high. Moreover, there are high concentrations of easily oxidizable fatty acids, and the activity of antioxidative enzymes is relatively small in comparison to other tissues [7, 44]. Long-lasting oxidative stress causes the “wear” of enzymes responsible for the removal of free radicals.…”

“…The changes in the content of membrane phospholipids in neurons, caused by their release and oxidation, result in the changes in the fluidity, stability and permeability of the cell membrane [46, 47]. Furthermore, by activating different signal paths, oxidative stress leads to the decrease in the lifespan of cells, the disorders in growth and differentiation and the initiation of apoptosis [7, 48, 49]. …”

Is water fluoridation a hidden cause of obesity? Histological study on thyroid follicular cells of albino rats

“…It is best known for being a part of thyroid hormones, which are used in every cell of our bodies to regulate metabolism and weight by controlling the burning of fat for energy and heat; thus, it is crucial for metabolism and weight loss. Low thyroid function has long been associated with weight gain [7,8]. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological alterations that might occur in thyroid follicular cells after the administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) and after its withdrawal.…”

“…Its accumulation in soft tissues causes injury by reducing the potential of scavenging free radicals production, which critically injures the biological membranes [5]. It also intensifies free radical production and a disturbed antioxidant level leads to oxidative stress, which is known to be a key etiopathological factor in a variety of cardiac diseases [6,7].…”

Curcumin attenuates neurotoxicity induced by fluoride: An in vivoevidence

“…The increase in level of glutathione by Cur indicates its antioxidant property possibly by increasing the endogenous defense of the brain to combat oxidative stress. [11] Cur's neuroprotective role has recently been demonstrated during neuronal developmental[12] and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in fluoride intoxicated mice[13] and a biological activity that may enhance neuronal plasticity and repair. [13] Here, we investigated the possible protective effects of Cur, a herbal polyphenolic compound, with respect to F induced oxidative stress in hippocampal regions of mice brain.…”