Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data

Kluesner, Jared W.; Hart, Patrick E.; Miller, Nathaniel C.; Hatcher, Gerald A.

doi:10.1007/s11001-018-9367-2

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Pre-processing, in this case, included predictive deconvolution to attenuate the secondary pulse of the sparker signature at ca. 1 ms (e.g., Kluesner et al 2018). In this dataset, due to the lack of frequencies lower than 0.2 kHz, in most channels the fundamental ghost null frequency was below the noise level, and the auto-picker started at the second order harmonic; however, the broader bandwidth allowed us to introduce up to four higher order harmonics in the optimisation.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…shown in Fig. 1, wavefronts propagating upwards from the source can similarly be reflected off the sea-surface, thereby generating source-side ghost reflections (e.g., Kluesner et al 2018). In particular, this paper focusses on the attenuation of the receiver-side ghosts when the receivers depth is unknown, non-homogeneous across the streamer and nonconstant during acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data

Provenzano¹,

Henstock²,

Bull³

et al. 2020

Mar Geophys Res

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Receiver ghosts attenuate marine seismic reflection data at harmonic frequencies that depend on the propagation angle and the streamer depth below the sea surface. The resulting loss of bandwidth is one of the major factors hampering seismic resolution. In near-surface and legacy multi-channel data, receivers depth is often unknown and may vary significantly both along the streamer length and during the survey, making frequency-slowness deghosting techniques unsuitable. In this work, we present a method for the attenuation of receiver ghost reflections in data with an arbitrary streamer depth profile varying during the survey. For each trace, a different deghosting operator is estimated and applied at different two-way-time windows, in order to account for depth-dependent changes in reflection angles. The ghost null frequencies are picked on the time-varying power spectrum via an automatic algorithm, guided by a user-dependent a priori function, and optimised to respect the harmonics' periodicity. The power of the inverse filter is adjusted by adaptively damping abnormal amplitudes in the deghosted spectra. The algorithm is applied to high-resolution (GI-gun, 20-400 Hz) and ultra-high-resolution (Sparker, 0.2-3.0 kHz) multi-channel datasets, yielding an excellent bandwidth recovery and gain in resolution in the final stacks. Limited computing time and straightforward application make the method widely applicable and cost-effective.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data

Provenzano¹,

Henstock²,

Bull³

et al. 2020

Mar Geophys Res

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“…The group spacing was either 1.5625 or 3.125 m, and the source was a 1.2‐kJ SIG minisparker, providing peak frequencies between 100 and 500 Hz (3‐ to 5‐m vertical resolution) and up to 1.5 s of subbottom penetration. Processing of each of the high‐resolution MCS data sets followed an approach outlined by Kluesner et al (2018) and included the following steps: (1) corrections to geometry calculations, (2) detailed trace editing, (3) Butterworth band‐pass filtering, (4) dip filtering, (5) velocity analysis, (6) common depth point (CDP) trim statics corrections, (7) CDP stacking, (8) migration, (9) poststack predictive deconvolution, and (10) automatic gain control. The processed data were loaded into IHS Kingdom Suite and OpendTect for horizon mapping, interpretation, and integration with core logs from ODP Site 893.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Controls on Slope Failure Within the Western Santa Barbara Channel Based on 2‐D and 3‐D Seismic Imaging

Kluesner

Wright

Johnson

2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Santa Barbara Channel, offshore California, contains several submarine landslides and ample evidence for incipient failure. This region hosts active thrust and reverse faults that accommodate several mm/yr of convergence, yet the relationships between tectonic deformation and slope failure remain unclear. We present 3‐D and 2‐D multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data sets, multibeam bathymetry, and chronostratigraphic constraints to investigate the controls on slope failure. Splay faulting along the North Channel Deformation Trend (NCDT) coincides with a distinct zone of compressional uplift and onlapping of steeply dipping Quaternary strata. The NCDT is spatially correlated with seafloor fissures, and 3‐D seismic analyses reveal an intricate system of en echelon reverse faults that offset sediments younger than ~25 ka. Localized uplift zones are located between faults, one of which underlies the Gaviota landslide headscarp. We observe a direct relationship between slope failure and along‐strike variations in the tectonostratigraphic framework. Based on geophysical properties at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 893, we predict a trend in compaction and porosity reduction in the basin that drives pore fluids up‐dip, toward the zone of onlap above the NCDT, thus reducing slope stability. This interplay between tectonic, sedimentary, and fluid‐flow processes along the NCDT has created a confluence of preconditioning factors, with Gaviota and Goleta landslides being distinguished from the surrounding slopes by their position above the NCDT. The distribution of seafloor fissures suggests sections of the slope remain unstable and are prone to future landsliding. These results provide insights into the processes and 3‐D feedbacks that lead to slope instability along other convergent margins.

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“…Misalignment of traces in common‐midpoint (CMP) gathers will cause destructive interference and loss of higher frequencies in the final stack, making accurate normal moveout (NMO) and static corrections particularly important for VHR multichannel marine seismic data (Kluesner et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Another static correction approach was recently applied by Jones () and Kluesner et al . (). Using high‐resolution sparker data, traces within each NMO‐corrected CMP gather were cross‐correlated with a pilot trace (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Automated static and moveout corrections of high‐resolution seismic data from the Baltic Sea

Reiche

Berkels

Weiß

2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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High‐frequency multichannel seismic systems provide detailed images of the shallow marine subsurface. In order to exploit the redundancy inherent in such data optimally, traveltime corrections need to account for normal moveout and static effects due to vertical source and receiver variations. Misalignment of reflections in common‐midpoint gathers will significantly lower the frequency content in the final stack, making this correction particularly important for very high‐frequency seismic data. Traditionally, normal moveout correction involves labour‐intensive picking of stacking velocities, while static corrections can be, by some techniques, performed automatically. In this paper, we present a high‐frequency seismic case study from the Baltic Sea, using seismic image matching as a novel, fully automated technique to perform joint moveout and static corrections. Our multichannel test profiles were acquired offshore Rügen island for wind farm development. Owing to the regular passage of up to 1.5 m high ocean waves during data acquisition, these boomer profiles suffer from strong static effects. We perform joint normal moveout and static corrections by defining the nearest common offset section as a fixed reference frame and minimizing its difference in traveltime with respect to all available common offset sections. Time shifts are computed independent of a pre‐defined traveltime curve, using the normalized cross‐correlation as a measure of data similarity while penalizing irregular displacements by a regularization term. Time shifts are converted to stacking velocities based on the traditional hyperbolic traveltime equation. Our results are compared with those derived by conventional manual velocity analysis and subsequent trim static corrections. We find that image matching produces stacks of similar quality and stacking velocity models of similar to slightly better quality compared with the conventionally derived ones, revealing the potential of this technique to automatize and significantly speed up this first part of the seismic processing chain.

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Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data

Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data

Structural Controls on Slope Failure Within the Western Santa Barbara Channel Based on 2‐D and 3‐D Seismic Imaging

Automated static and moveout corrections of high‐resolution seismic data from the Baltic Sea

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