PQQ-GDH – Structure, function and application in bioelectrochemistry

Lisdat, Fred

doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107496

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…However, GDH presents several limitations. PQQGDH suffers from low selectivity and requires suitable solubilisation detergents and purification to allow membrane binding, while water-soluble PQQGDH suffers from poor thermal stability [ 38 ]. NAD-dependent GDH biosensors require the addition of NAD cofactor which leads to complications (e.g., not always stable, contamination) in the analysis [ 37 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the electrochemistry of the oxidised form (NAD + ) and reduced form (NADH) of NAD cofactor is irreversible. Direct oxidation of NADH at an unmodified electrode requires high overpotential due to its slow electron-transfer kinetics [ 37 , 38 ]. Moreover, for electrochemical measurements, GDH requires the use of artificial electron acceptors [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Hassan

Vyas

Grieve

et al. 2021

Sensors

182

111

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The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Hassan

Vyas

Grieve

et al. 2021

Sensors

182

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GOx has a high temperature and pH stability along with excellent glucose substrate selectivity [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]; however, GOx uses O 2 as an external electron acceptor in the oxidation reaction so device performance is sensitive to and variable depending on the atmospheric oxygen level [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To overcome this challenge and improve sensing reliability, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) does not require O 2 and is hence being used in various types of glucose sensors together with pyrroloquinoline (PQQ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) redox cofactors [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Among them, FAD–GDH has excellent thermal stability and substrate selectivity and does not require additional cofactors or active catalysts [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Glucose Sensor Based on Glucose Dehydrogenase Using Polydopamine-Functionalized Nanotubes

2021

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The electrochemical-based detection of glucose is widely used for diagnostic purposes and is mediated by enzyme-mediated signal transduction mechanisms. For such applications, recent attention has focused on utilizing the oxygen-insensitive glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme in place of the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme, which is sensitive to oxygen levels. Currently used Ru-based redox mediators mainly work with GOx, while Ru(dmo–bpy)2Cl2 has been proposed as a promising mediator that works with GDH. However, there remains an outstanding need to improve Ru(dmo–bpy)2Cl2 attachment to electrode surfaces. Herein, we report the use of polydopamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PDA-MWCNTs) to effectively attach Ru(dmo–bpy)2Cl2 and GDH onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) without requiring a cross–linker. PDA-MWCNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while the fabrication and optimization of Ru(dmo–bpy)2Cl2/PDA-MWCNT/SPCEs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The experimental results demonstrate a wide linear range of glucose-concentration-dependent responses and the multi-potential step (MPS) technique facilitated the selective detection of glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant interfering species, as well as in biological fluids (e.g., serum). The ease of device fabrication and high detection performance demonstrate a viable pathway to develop glucose sensors based on the GDH enzyme and Ru(dmo–bpy)2Cl2 redox mediator and the sensing strategy is potentially extendable to other bioanalytes as well.

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“…[20,21] However, an efficient electron transfer between the prosthetic group of the enzyme and the electrode surface might be achieved through the electrical wiring of redox enzymes, by using a flexible redox polymer as electron shuttle [22,23] or nanomaterials (e. g., gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes etc.). [24][25][26][27] In particular, several sugar oxidizing enzymes (e. g., fructose dehydrogenase (FDH), [28,29] pyranose dehydrogenase, [30] cellobiose dehydrogenase, [31][32][33] FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, [34][35][36][37] PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase [38][39][40][41] etc.) as well as oxidant reducing enzymes (e. g., multicopper oxidases, [42][43][44] plant peroxidases [45][46][47][48] etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Tobacco Peroxidase Immobilized on p‐Phenylenediamine Diazonium Cation Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Preventing Fenton‐like Inactivation at Negative Potential

et al. 2021

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Herein, we present a novel electrode platform for H 2 O 2 detection based on the immobilization of recombinant Tobacco Peroxidase (r-TOP) onto graphite electrodes (G) modified with p-phenylenediamine (p-PD) diazonium cation grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The employment of both p-phenylenediamine moieties and covalent cross-linking by using glutaraldehyde allowed us to enhance the sensitivity, stability, and selectivity toward H 2 O 2 detection, as well as preventing enzyme inactivation due to the electro-Fenton reaction. This reaction continuously produces hydroxyl radicals, whose high and unselective reactivity is likely to reduce drastically the operating life of the biosensor. The protection against the electro-Fenton reaction is mainly ascribed to a beneficial enzyme immobilization leading to a correct orientation achieved through cross-linking the enzyme in combination with interaction between the uncoupled -NH 2 groups (mainly uncharged at pH 7, considering a pK a of 4.6) available on the electrode surface and the enzyme. In particular, the electrode based on the r-TOP/p-PD/MWCNTs/G platform showed a lower limit of detection of 1.8 μM H 2 O 2 , an extended linear range between 6 and 900 μM H 2 O 2 , as well as a significant increase in sensitivity (63.1 � 0.1 μA mM À 1 cm À 2 ) compared with previous work based on TOP. Finally, the r-TOP/p-PD/MWCNTs/G electrode was tested in several H 2 O 2 spiked food samples as a screening analytical method for the detection of H 2 O 2 .

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PQQ-GDH – Structure, function and application in bioelectrochemistry

Cited by 27 publications

References 271 publications

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Development of a Glucose Sensor Based on Glucose Dehydrogenase Using Polydopamine-Functionalized Nanotubes

Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Tobacco Peroxidase Immobilized on p‐Phenylenediamine Diazonium Cation Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Preventing Fenton‐like Inactivation at Negative Potential

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