Power of two: Assessing the impact of a second measurement of the weak-charge form factor of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>208</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>

Piekarewicz, J.; Linero, Antonio R.; Giuliani, Pablo; Chicken, Eric

doi:10.1103/physrevc.94.034316

Cited by 55 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We considered two models of the form-factors: symmetrized Fermi-distribution [78] and Helm form-factor [79]. Both models of the form-factors give very similar results numerically if the parameters of the models are selected to reproduce the same proton and neutron RMS radii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherency and incoherency in neutrino-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering

2018

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Neutrino-nucleus scattering νA → νA, in which the nucleus conserves its integrity, is considered. Our consideration follows a microscopic description of the nucleus as a bound state of its constituent nucleons described by a multi-particle wave-function of a general form.We show that elastic interactions keeping the nucleus in the same quantum state lead to a quadratic enhancement of the corresponding cross-section in terms of the number of nucleons. Meanwhile, the crosssection of inelastic processes in which the quantum state of the nucleus is changed, essentially has a linear dependence on the number of nucleons. These two classes of processes are referred to as coherent and incoherent, respectively.Accounting for all possible initial and final internal states of the nucleus leads to a general conclusion independent of the nuclear model. The coherent and incoherent cross-sections are driven by factors |F p/n | 2 and (1 − |F p/n | 2 ), where |F p/n | 2 is a proton/neutron form-factor of the nucleus, averaged over its initial states. Therefore, our assessment suggests a smooth transition between regimes of coherent and incoherent neutrinonucleus scattering. In general, both regimes contribute to experimental observables.The coherent cross-section formula used in the literature is revised and corrections depending on kinematics are estimated. Consideration of only those matrix elements which correspond to the same initial and final spin states of the nucleus and accounting for a non-zero momentum of the target nucleon are two main sources of the corrections.As an illustration of the importance of the incoherent channel we considered three experimental setups with different nuclei. As an example, for 133 Cs and neutrino energies of 30 − 50 MeV the incoherent cross-section is about 10-20% of the coherent contribution if experimental detection threshold is accounted for.Experiments attempting to measure coherent neutrino scattering by solely detecting the recoiling nucleus, as is typical, might be including an incoherent background that is indistinguishable from the signal if the excitation gamma eludes its detection. However, as is shown here, the incoherent component can be measured directly by searching for photons released by the excited nuclei inherent to the incoherent channel. For a beam experiment these gammas should be correlated in time with the beam, and their higher energies make the corresponding signal easily detectable at a rate governed by the ratio of incoherent to coherent cross-sections. The detection of signals due to the nuclear recoil and excitation γs provides a more sensitive instrument in studies of nuclear structure and possible signs of new physics. CONTENTS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherency and incoherency in neutrino-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering

2018

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“…Although compelling, it is essential to validate this claim against a set of theoretical models that rely on a different protocol. Finally, we display in the inset of Fig.7(b) a comparison between a symmetrized Fermi function [66,67] informed by the "stiffest" density functional. Encapsulated in the shape of the form factor are the characteristic diffractive oscillations driven by the half-density radius c and the exponential falloff controlled by the diffuseness parameter a; see Eq.…”

Section: Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroweak probes of ground state densities

2019

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Background: Elastic electron scattering has been used for decades to paint the most accurate picture of the proton distribution in atomic nuclei. This stands in stark contrast to the neutron distribution that is traditionally probed using hadronic reactions that are hindered by large uncertainties in the reaction mechanism. Spurred by new experimental developments, it is now possible to gain valuable insights into the neutron distribution using exclusively electroweak probes.Purpose: To assess the information content and complementarity of the following three electroweak experiments in constraining the neutron distribution of atomic nuclei: (a) parity violating elastic electron scattering, (b) coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering, and (c) elastic electron scattering of unstable nuclei. Methods: Relativistic mean-field models informed by the properties of finite nuclei and neutron stars are used to compute ground state densities and form factors of a variety of nuclei. All the models follow the same fitting protocol, except for the assumed-and presently unknown-value of the neutron skin thickness of 208 Pb. This enables one to tune the density dependence of the symmetry energy without compromising the success in reproducing well known physical observables. Results: We found that the ongoing PREX-II and upcoming CREX campaigns at Jefferson Lab will play a vital role in constraining the weak form factor of xenon and argon, liquid noble gases that are used for the detection of both neutrinos and dark matter particles. Conclusions: Remarkable new advances in experimental physics have opened a new window into ground state densities of atomic nuclei using solely electroweak probes. The diversity and versatility of these experiments reveal powerful correlations that impose important nuclear structure constraints. In turn, these constraints provide quantitative theoretical uncertainties that are instrumental in searches for new physics and insights into the behavior of dense matter.

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“…which is practically equivalent to a Fermi distribution and gives an analytic expression for the form factor [21]:…”

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confidence: 99%

Average CsI neutron density distribution from COHERENT data

Cadeddu¹,

Giunti²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Neutrinos — PoS(NuFACT2018)

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Using the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data of the COHERENT experiment, we determine for the first time the average neutron rms radius of 133 Cs and 127 I. We obtain the practically model-independent value Rn = 5.5 +0.9 −1.1 fm using the symmetrized Fermi and Helm form factors. We also point out that the COHERENT data show a 2.3σ evidence of the nuclear structure suppression of the full coherence.

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Power of two: Assessing the impact of a second measurement of the weak-charge form factor ofPb208

Cited by 55 publications

References 59 publications

Coherency and incoherency in neutrino-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering

Coherency and incoherency in neutrino-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering

Electroweak probes of ground state densities

Average CsI neutron density distribution from COHERENT data

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