Potential Therapeutic Effects of Gut Hormones, Ghrelin and Obestatin in Oral Mucositis

Stempniewicz, Agnieszka; Ceranowicz, Piotr; Warzecha, Zygmunt

doi:10.3390/ijms20071534

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 283 publications

(385 reference statements)

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“…The dentist who attends cancer patients should examine pre-existing oral conditions and treat them before chemotherapy, as well as remove foci of infection, instructing and motivating the correct oral hygiene. When OM is installed, several therapeutic options are available, including low-level laser, cryotherapy, antioxidant drugs, growth factors, and PTA (polymyxin, tobramycin and amphotericin B) 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of oral mucositis in women during oncological treatment of breast cancer in the Brazilian Northeast

et al. 2020

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Objective: To describe the occurrence of oral mucositis (OM) in women undergoing cancer treatment for breast cancer (BC). Methods: This is a retrospective, quantitative, and analytical study in medical records of women diagnosed with BC in an oncology service. Clinical data were collected regarding the occurrence and severity of OM according to the World Health Organization criteria and the cancer treatment experienced by the participants. Results: 196 women were included. Of these, 97 (49.5%) developed OM, 43.4% of which were grade 1 or 2 (low or moderate). The occurrence was higher in white women (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.04 - 3.57; p = 0.035), with metastatic breast cancer (OR 5.46; 95% CI 1.79 - 16.64; p = 0.002) and who experienced taxane agents at some point during chemotherapy (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.12 - 4.56; p = 0.02). The mean severity of OM in the entire sample was 0.8 ± 1.0, and in the affected women was 1.7 ± 0.7. The difference in the severity of OM by the variables was observed only among women with grade 2 and grade 3 fatigue (p = 0.03). Conclusions: OM is a common mucocutaneous toxicity in women with BC. Despite the low severity observed, care for women with BC undergoing cancer treatment must consider the possible risks and complications associated with OM, adopting strategies to prevent, monitor, and treat them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of oral mucositis in women during oncological treatment of breast cancer in the Brazilian Northeast

et al. 2020

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“…The potential protective and therapeutic effects of ghrelin on oral mucositis were reported. The concentrations of ghrelin in saliva are similar or higher than plasma, a decreased saliva secretion in patients under chemotherapy or radiology makes them prone to develop oral mucositis [50]. Furthermore, experimental studies performed on rats have shown that intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin accelerated the healing of oral ulcers.…”

Section: Antioxidant and Protective Effect Related To The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiality of ghrelin as antioxidant and protective agent

2021

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Background: Oxidative stress is the result of cellular troubles related to aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, this stress is always associated with biological responses evoked by physical, chemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Several studies have developed many approaches of antioxidant defense to diminish the severity of many diseases. Ghrelin was originally identified from the rat stomach, and it is a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide that has pleiotropic functions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords such as ghrelin, antioxidant, oxidative stress, and systemic oxidative stress sensor. Results: In the last decade, many studies show that ghrelin exhibits protection effects against oxidative stress derived probably from its antioxidant effects. Pieces of evidence demonstrate that systemic oxidative stress increase ghrelin levels in the plasma. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in ghrelin peripheral tissues and extensively in the central nervous system suggests that this endogenous peptide plays an important role as a systemic oxidative stress sensor Conclusion: The current evidence confirms that ghrelin and its derived peptides (Desacyl-ghrelin, obestatin) act as a protective antioxidant agent. Therefore, stressor modality, duration, and intensity are the parameters of oxidative stress that must be taken into consideration to determine the role of ghrelin, Desacyl-ghrelin, and obestatin in the regulation of cell death pathways.

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“…The plasma level of ghrelin is negatively correlated with BMI and food intake. For this reason, the plasma concentration of ghrelin is enhanced by anorexia nervosa, starvation, and cachexia, while obesity leads to the opposite effect [ 44 ]. Food intake decreases the plasma ghrelin levels, however the degree of this reduction depends on the type of nutrients present in the food.…”

Section: Physiological Action Of Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of ghrelin on pancreatic endocrine secretion was initially unclear. Early studies have shown that ghrelin increases insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells [ 44 , 57 , 58 ], while next studies have reported that ghrelin inhibits insulin release in the islets of Langerhans [ 44 , 59 , 60 ]. Currently, it is commonly accepted that ghrelin inhibits glucose-dependent insulin secretion, acting directly on beta-cells in pancreatic islets [ 44 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Physiological Action Of Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and Healing Effects of Ghrelin and Risk of Cancer in the Digestive System

Ginter

Ceranowicz

Warzecha

2021

IJMS

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Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the ghrelin receptor, previously known as the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. This hormone is mainly produced by endocrine cells present in the gastric mucosa. The ghrelin-producing cells are also present in other organs of the body, mainly in the digestive system, but in much smaller amount. Ghrelin exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological effects, such as stimulation of growth hormone secretion, gastric secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and food intake, as well as regulation of glucose homeostasis and bone formation, and inhibition of inflammatory processes. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning animal and human data showing protective and therapeutic effects of ghrelin in the gut, and also presents the role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in these effects. In addition, the current data on the possible influence of ghrelin on the carcinogenesis, its importance in predicting the risk of developing gastrointestinal malignances, as well as the potential usefulness of ghrelin in the treatment of cancer, have been presented.

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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Gut Hormones, Ghrelin and Obestatin in Oral Mucositis

Cited by 13 publications

References 283 publications

Occurrence of oral mucositis in women during oncological treatment of breast cancer in the Brazilian Northeast

Occurrence of oral mucositis in women during oncological treatment of breast cancer in the Brazilian Northeast

Potentiality of ghrelin as antioxidant and protective agent

Protective and Healing Effects of Ghrelin and Risk of Cancer in the Digestive System

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