Potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and sugarcane bagasse fibers for thermal insulation application – A review

Ramlee, Nor Azlina; Naveen, J.; Jawaid, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121519

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Oil palm is grown in about 42 countries and covers 11 million hectares, involving West Africa, South East Asia, and Latin America 18–20 . The plantations of palm oil that were distributed throughout the regions had become an essential role in the economy of Southeast Asia.…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparative evaluation of chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of oil palm fiber/pineapple fiber reinforced phenolic hybrid composites

et al. 2021

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In this paper, oil palm fiber (OPF) and pineapple fiber (PALF) reinforced biophenolic resin (BPHR) composites and hybrid composites were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Structural, thermal and mechanical properties of pure and hybrid composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and universal testing machine. Achieved results indicated that OPF/PALF hybrid composites show better properties as compared with pure composites. It was observed that the tensile and flexural characterizations improved with incorporating OPF and PALF fibers into BPHR composites in comparison to the neat BPHR matrix. The results of the thermal stability obtained from TGA tests showed that the reinforcement of pure fiber composites (OPF and PALF) and hybrid composites (OPF/PALF) in BPHR matrix were improved in comparison to that of neat BPHR matrix. The final decomposition temperature of 50% OPF and 3OPF/7PALF was the highest among all other composites (415.80 and 415.42 C). On the other hand, the residual amount of hybrid composite (1OPF/1PALF) was (24.43%), while the lowest residual amount exhibited in pure composite (50% PALF), which was 20.08%. The reinforcement of pure composite and hybrid composites into BPHR also improved the storage and loss moduli; however, the pure composite sample (50% OPF) exhibited a more significant increase than other composites loadings. Furthermore, the damping factor was reduced significantly by the reinforcement of hybrid composites over pure composites. This study showed that obtained hybrid composites are suitable to apply in various structural and nonstructural applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative evaluation of chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of oil palm fiber/pineapple fiber reinforced phenolic hybrid composites

et al. 2021

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“…Due to its high cellulose and hemicellulose content, OPEFB is emerging as a potential source in the pulp and paper industry. The chemical properties of OPEFB fibers are similar to hardwoods but with a shorter fiber length (0.53 mm) and the cellulose content is almost comparable to the cellulose content of wood fibers (38-49%) [6], bamboo (26-43%) [7] and bagasse (32 -44%) [8]. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in lignocellulosic biomass are arranged in a complex hierarchical structure that forms the recalcitrant properties of microbial and chemical pretreatment [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cellulose Stearate Ester as Wet Strength Agent for Synthesis of Bio-polybag from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Kurniawan

Mulyawan

et al. 2021

Int. J. Eng. Scie. and Inform. Technology.

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Biodegradable polybags are an alternative to overcome the weakness of synthetic polybags because of their degradation properties. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain a lot of cellulose so that they can be used as a biodegradable polybag. Wet Strength serves to increase the physical strength of bio-polybags when exposed to water (in wet conditions) so that water content stability is required. In this study, Cellulose Stearate Esters were synthesized in an effort to increase the stability of the water content in bio-polybags. Cellulose Stearate Esters are synthesized through a transesterification reaction between -Cellulose isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) with methyl stearate. The synthesis of cellulose stearate esters was carried out by refluxing for 2 hours using methanol solvent with various catalysts Na2CO3 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and with volume variations of methyl stearate 5, 10, 15. And the best variation was determined based on the degree of substitution test, namely with variations Na2CO3 catalyst 20 mg and volume of methyl Stearate 15 ml, amounting to 1.95. The result of the synthesis, namely cellulose stearate, was tested for functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy and surface morphology using SEM. The formation of cellulose stearate is supported by the FT-IR spectrum in the wavenumber region of 3468.01 cm-1 indicating an OH group, 3062.96 cm-1 indicating a CH stretching group, 1695.43 cm-1 indicating a C=O group, cm-1 indicating a CH bending group, 1095.57cm-1 indicates a COC group, 609.51cm-1 indicates a (CH2)n>4 group. The results of surface morphology analysis using SEM showed that the surface of cellulose stearate looked homogeneous, more regular and had denser cavities than -Cellulose

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“…[8] The foremost chemical constitutions of EFB biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with cellulose accounting for the major composition of the biomass 40 to 50%, hemicellulose 20% to 30%, and lignin 15% to 20%. [9] The unique nature of OPEFB fiber properties resulted in an increase of mechanical, physical, thermal, and acoustic behavior. [9] Meanwhile, the sorghum stalks or sugarcane plant, formally known as Saccaharum Officinarum, is an agricultural product grown all over the world, and bagasse is the natural residue left after the juice is extracted.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[9] The unique nature of OPEFB fiber properties resulted in an increase of mechanical, physical, thermal, and acoustic behavior. [9] Meanwhile, the sorghum stalks or sugarcane plant, formally known as Saccaharum Officinarum, is an agricultural product grown all over the world, and bagasse is the natural residue left after the juice is extracted. [9] Each year, India produces approximately 54 million dry bagasse and over 200 million tonnes of sorghum stalks bagasse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] Meanwhile, the sorghum stalks or sugarcane plant, formally known as Saccaharum Officinarum, is an agricultural product grown all over the world, and bagasse is the natural residue left after the juice is extracted. [9] Each year, India produces approximately 54 million dry bagasse and over 200 million tonnes of sorghum stalks bagasse. [5] Bagasse is commonly made up of 50% cellulose, 25% hemicellulose, and 25% lignin from sorghum stalks plants and bagasse from sorghum stalks has a good performance as a composite reinforcement because of the massive amount of cellulose existent, which has a crystalline structure.…”

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Thermal and acoustic properties of silane and hydrogen peroxide treated oil palm/bagasse fiber based biophenolic hybrid composites

et al. 2022

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The consequence of 2% v/v silane-treated and 4% v/v H 2 O 2 -treated upon thermal and acoustic behavior of hybrid oil palm EFB (OPEFB) and sorghum stalks bagasse fiber (SCB) reinforced phenolic composites for wall thermal insulation application is discussed in this paper. Hand lay-up approach was adopted to manufacture plain and hybrid composites with diverse formulation ratios such as 70:30 (7OPEFB:3SCB), 50:50 (5OPEFB:5SCB), and 30:70 (3OPEFB:7SCB). The experimental samples were manufactured with a purpose density of 0.5 g/cm 3 . Plain and hybrid composites were investigated for thermal analysis and thermal conductivity testing. Impedance tubes were used for acoustic behavior analysis of composites. Hybridization of H 2 O 2 treated HT 50:50 (5OPEFB:5SCB) showed greater thermal cohesion with a final residual of 58.69%, followed by hybridization of silane-treated ST 50:50 (5OPEFB:5SCB) with a residual of 45.10%. This study looks at four distinct air gap thicknesses (0 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm). The results reveal that silane-treated ST 50:50 (5OPEFB:5SCB) hybrid composites and H 2 O 2 -treated HT 50:50 (5OPEFB:5SCB) hybrid composites improved sound absorption coefficients more than 0.50. Thus, we concluded that thermal and sound absorption performances of hybrid composites from agro waste promise an environmentally friendly alternative solution in wall building material production.acoustic properties, biophenolic resin, hybrid composites, oil palm EFB fibers, sorghum stalks bagasse fiber, thermal properties | INTRODUCTIONAccording to recent research studies, green composites made of natural fibers have always piqued the interest of researchers and industrial sectors as a result of their excellent mechanical and physical properties, thus increased stability and stiffness, improved sustainability, biodegradability, lightweight, safe, and easy processing. [1]

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Potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and sugarcane bagasse fibers for thermal insulation application – A review

Cited by 54 publications

References 103 publications

A comparative evaluation of chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of oil palm fiber/pineapple fiber reinforced phenolic hybrid composites

A comparative evaluation of chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of oil palm fiber/pineapple fiber reinforced phenolic hybrid composites

Synthesis of Cellulose Stearate Ester as Wet Strength Agent for Synthesis of Bio-polybag from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Thermal and acoustic properties of silane and hydrogen peroxide treated oil palm/bagasse fiber based biophenolic hybrid composites

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