Potential of herbal cocktail of medicinal plant extracts against ‘big four’ snake venoms from India

Vasudev, Shwetha; More, Veena S.; Ananthraju, K.S.; More, Sunil S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2021.04.006

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The modified gedunin from Azadirachta indica showed improved pharmacological properties for combating snakebites in the molecular docking studies against snake venom enzymes [172]. A mixture of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Areca catechu, Butea monosperma, Citrus limon and Clerodendrum serratum inhibited different components of Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus, Daboia russelii and Echis carinatus venoms in different in vivo and in vitro studies [173].…”

Section: Seeds ~[163] None Lythraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various researchers have used in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods or their combination to assess the neutralization of snake venoms by plants. The most references are available for Naja naja venom [64,74,94,96,108,173,203,212,226], followed by Daboia russelii venom [42,44,77,104,106,107,109,110,144,145,156,173]. Both these snake species are perfect representatives of their families Elapidae and Viperidae, respectively, and are the most occurring venomous snake species in the Indian subcontinent.…”

Section: Snake Species With Modern Evidence Of Venom Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these snake species are perfect representatives of their families Elapidae and Viperidae, respectively, and are the most occurring venomous snake species in the Indian subcontinent. Surprisingly, venoms of other two common snake species, Bungarus caeruleus [96,173] and Echis carinatus [75,78,104,173,226], have been studied less frequently. Only two more snake species from the Indian subcontinent, Naja kaouthia [104,144,167] and Naja naja karachiensis [60][61][62]128], have been found to have evidence for plant-based snake venom neutralization.…”

Section: Snake Species With Modern Evidence Of Venom Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various references demonstrate its effectiveness as an antidote for snake venom. Azadirachta indica [17,64,69,74,151,[164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173] and Rauvolfia serpentina [17,18,69,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] hold second place in pharmacological evidence. Figure 3 depicts the number of appearances in references for each plant species as a snake venom antidote (labels as mentioned in the earlier section).…”

Section: Plant Species With Modern Evidence Of Snake Venom Neutraliza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Contemporary Exploration of Traditional Indian Snake Envenomation Therapies

Adwait¹,

Sastry²,

Bhise³

2022

TropicalMed

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Snakebite being a quick progressing serious situation needs immediate and aggressive therapy. Snake venom antiserum is the only approved and effective treatment available, but for selected snake species only. The requirement of trained staff for administration and serum reactions make the therapy complicated. In tropical countries where snakebite incidence is high and healthcare facilities are limited, mortality and morbidities associated with snake envenomation are proportionately high. Traditional compilations of medical practitioners’ personal journals have wealth of plant-based snake venom antidotes. Relatively, very few plants or their extractives have been scientifically investigated for neutralization of snake venom or its components. None of these investigations presents enough evidence to initiate clinical testing of the agents. This review focuses on curating Indian traditional snake envenomation therapies, identifying plants involved and finding relevant evidence across modern literature to neutralize snake venom components. Traditional formulations, their method of preparation and dosing have been discussed along with the investigational approach in modern research and their possible outcomes. A safe and easily administrable small molecule of plant origin that would protect or limit the spread of venom and provide valuable time for the victim to reach the healthcare centre would be a great lifesaver.

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Section: Seeds ~[163] None Lythraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snake Species With Modern Evidence Of Venom Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snake Species With Modern Evidence Of Venom Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Species With Modern Evidence Of Snake Venom Neutraliza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Contemporary Exploration of Traditional Indian Snake Envenomation Therapies

Adwait¹,

Sastry²,

Bhise³

2022

TropicalMed

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“…In Rauvolfia serpentina aqueous rootextract (300µl) against Bungarus caeruleus venommaximum, ATPase inhibition was recorded as 53.60% for Bungarus caeruleus venom. Shwetha Vasudev 29 reported crude aqueous ethanolic extract cocktail of medicinal plants, Areca catechu, Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Citrus limon peel, and Clerodendrum serratum for antiophidian properties against BIG FOUR venom through ex-vivo and in-vivo methods. Direct hemolysis using sheep RBC's was studied for Bungarus caeruleus venom and we found that snake venom was able to lyse the RBC's.…”

Section: Fig 3: Atpase Inhibition Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

IJPSR

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Snakebite is an international health hazard that needs attention in terms of effective management and better treatment to recover the health of the affected individuals and society. Tribal populations and folk therapists across the world have been using innumerable plants to treat snakebite difficulties. In the present study, the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Rauvolfia serpentina root for neutralizing Bungarus caeruleus venom by in-vitro and in-vivo methods was carried out. Various in-vitro neutralization tests like Direct and Indirect haemolytic activities, Acetylcholinesterase activity, Proteolytic activity, ATPase activity, and in-vivo assessment LD 50 were carried out. Rauvolfia serpentina root extract effectively neutralizes all the venom's toxic effects. The in-vivo assessment of venom lethality (LD 50 ) of Bungarus caeruleus venom was 0.537 µg/g. Rauvolfia serpentina root extract effectively neutralized the venom lethality, and the effective dose (ED 50 ) was found to be10.96 mg/3LD 50 of Bungarus caeruleus. All animals survived and appeared active and healthy throughout the study. The LD 50 of Rauvolfia serpentina root extract was >2000mg/kg. These findings confirmed that Rauvolfia serpentina root extract possesses some compounds which inhibit the toxins present in Bungarus caeruleus venom.INTRODUCTION: Snake envenomation is a major health problem that leads to numerous deaths, particularly in India. The majority of the snake bite incidences happened during the monsoons and during the daytime because most rural people heavily depend on cultivation 1, 2 .

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