Potential of flow cytometry for “pump and probe” fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics.

Olson, Robert J.; Zettler, Erik R.

doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.4.0816

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…With further development, this effect may be useful in looking at what percentage of a natural phytoplankton population is utilizing urea-like compounds by measuring the ratio of DCMU-enhanced fluorescence to hydroxyurea-enhanced fluorescence. It may be possible to measure this on individual cells with flow cytometry, but only when the systerns are set up to measure variable fluorescence (Furuya and Li 1992;Olson and Zettler 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of amides and other organic nitrogen sources by the phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi

Palenik

Henson

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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Although dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is beginning to be seen as a potentially important nitrogen source for phytoplankton, much remains to be learned about its components and their utilization. Emiliania huxleyi, a cosmopolitan eukaryotic phytoplankton species abundant in oligotrophic oceans and during blooms in some coastal regions, was screened for use of various DON compounds. Hypoxanthine and other purines support the nickeldependent growth of most E. huxleyi strains. Acetamide and formamide but not longer chain aliphatic amides were found to be excellent nitrogen sources for growth; other phytoplankton were also found to utilize acetamide but not formamide. In E. huxleyi, small amides are transported into the cell followed by degradation to ammonia, possibly by amide-specific enzymes. The related molecules hydroxyurea and thiourea were toxic to the cells and caused an increase in fluorescence consistent with blockage of photosystern II. This fluorescence increase was inhibited by urea and acetamide, suggesting transport of hydroxyurea, thiourea, urea, and acetamide by the same or closely related transporters.Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the major chemical form of N, other than N gas, in marine waters. This pool of N includes a range of compounds whose concentrations have been measured (e.g. amino acids and urea), but is mostly composed of compounds whose identities and concentrations are poorly known (Sharp 1983;Antia et al. 1991;Hopkinson et al. 1993). Because N is thought to control primary productivity in some areas of the world's oceans, the production rates and biological availability of this pool are clearly important issues. 15N tracer experiments suggest that this pool can be rapidly produced from inorganic N additions and can be available for subsequent utilization (Bronk and Glibert 1991Bronk et al. 1994).The study of the biological utilization of DON can take several approaches. One method is the generation and use of lSN-labeled natural DON for uptake experiments (Bronk and Glibert 1993).A more reductionist approach is the characterization of the turnover times (flux and concentration) of individual known compounds added to natural samples. This second approach is limited by the range of compounds that can be chemically analyzed in seawater or are available as labeled tracers. Part of this approach is also the characterization of the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms. It has been known for some time, for example, that photosynthetic microorganisms do not rely solely on inorganic N sources (a paradigm coming out of an agricultural model; Mills 1989), but are also able to utilize organic forms of nitrogen (reviewed in Antia et al. 1991). However, a large range of organisms and a range of nitrogenous compounds and N moieties remain to be examined as sources of N for phytoplankton and other marine microbes. Just as marine AcknowledgmentsWe thank John Koke for help with media preparation and some biochemical assays and Jackie Collier, Sonya Dyhrman, and two anonymous review...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of amides and other organic nitrogen sources by the phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi

Palenik

Henson

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…A more suitable approach to enumerate and track algal cells is the use of flow cytometry (e.g. OLSON and ZETTLER, 1995;SIMON et al, 1995;PORTER et al, 1997).…”

Section: Algae As Model Organisms For Particle Transport In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Algal Cells in Hyporheic Sediments of the River Elbe (Germany)

Kloep

Röske²

2004

International Review of Hydrobiology

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The advective transport of algal cells into the interstices of the hyporheic zone of the River Elbe was spatially and temporally heterogenous. Even deep sediment layers were reached by large phytoplankton species. Therefore, it is suggested that (i) the advective interstitial transport patterns vary between different algal sizes and morphotypes and (ii) sediment characteristics, expressed by the permeability coefficient k f of porous media, affect retention and retardation of surface water algae during subsurface transport. The transport behaviour of different green algae (Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus acuminatus, Desmodesmus communis, and Pediastrum duplex) and algal sized microspheres was tested in flowthrough column experiments with hyporheic sediments. The algal cell transport was directly related to the permeability of the column sediments. IntroductionAlgal cells, both planktonic and benthic, have been found in many groundwater systems (WASMUD, 1989;KUEHN et al., 1992;COLWELL et al., 1994;BORNETTE et al., 1996) and hyporheic zones of streams (POULÍCKOVA, 1987; POULÍCKOVA et al., 1998). These empirical findings suggest an advective transport of algal cells in subsurface environments. However, little information is available about the subsurface transport behaviour of algal cells. Previous research on interstitial transport of particles has focused on disease-causing bacteria and viruses (BALES et al., 1997;PERSONNÉ et al., 1998;SIMONI et al., 1998; CHEN and STRE-VETT, 2001) and on bacteria used for bioremediation and degradation of groundwater contaminants (HARVEY and GARABEDIAN, 1991;CAMESANO and LOGAN, 1998;FULLER et al., 2000). The transport characteristics of groundwater protozoa in contaminated aquifer systems were described by few studies (SINCLAIR et al., 1993;HARVEY et al., 1995;HARVEY et al., 1997). For shallow sandy marine systems, the advective transport of suspended particles across the water-sediment interface using surrogates for algae defined as microspheres (HUETTEL et al., 1996;RUSCH and HUETTEL, 2000) and algal cells (PILDITCH, 1998;HUETTEL and RUSCH, 2000) depended on sediment permeability . Investigations of chemical factors controlling organic particulate transport through porous media have identified ionic strength, pH, organic carbon content, and physicochemical cell surface properties of bacteria as major variables (JEWETT et al., 1995;O'MELIA, 1995;MCCALAU and BALES, 1995;HUANG et al., 1999;SMETS et al., 1999). The import of algae into the hyporheic zone Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol.

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“…For example, room-temperature fluorescence induction is a powerful in vivo indicator of contaminant-related damage to photosystem quantum efficiency in higher plants (Krupa et al 1993;Prevot et al 1993;Streb et al 1993;Sgardelis et al 1994;Gensemer et al 1996;Huang et al 1997a). While Chl a fluorescence induction assays have been used widely in terrestrial plant stress physiology (Hipkins and Baker 1986;Krause and Weis 1991) and in studies examining patterns of marine algal photosynthesis (Falkowski et al 1991;Greene et al 1992;Hofstraat et al 1994;Olson and Zettler 1995;Olaizola et al 1996;Olson et al 1996), its use in freshwater plant contaminant studies is still in its infancy. Furthermore, low-temperature (77ЊK) chlorophyll fluorescence emission scans can present qualitative information regarding the structure and organization of photosystem reaction center pigments (Hipkins and Baker 1986;McCormac et al 1996;Marwood and Greenberg 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the onset of anthracene photoinduced toxicity in Lemna gibba, and the mitigating effects of a commercial humic acid

Gensemer

Dixon

Greenberg

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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The influence of a commercial humic acid (Aldrich; AHA) on the development of anthracene photoinduced toxicity to the duckweed Lemna gibba was examined using both room-and low-temperature (77ЊK) chlorophyll fluorescence assays. Plants were exposed to 2 mg liter Ϫ1 anthracene both with and without 6.2 mg liter Ϫ1 of AHA and grown under either visible light or simulated solar radiation that mimics the natural abundance of UV radiation. Exposure periods ranged from 1 to 48 h to examine temporal changes in chlorophyll degradation and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction in response to these light and HA treatments. The onset of anthracene photoinduced toxicity followed a definite sequence; chlorophyll a fluorescence induction parameters (F v /F m , and t ½ ) responded earliest to anthracene exposure, with observable chlorophyll degradation requiring up to 24 to 48 h. Of these, t ½ was the most sensitive, with significant inhibition apparent within 1 h of exposure. Throughout the entire 48-h exposure, 6.2 mg liter Ϫ1 AHA ameliorated the photoinduced toxicity of anthracene, in terms of both chlorophyll degradation and F v / F m inhibition. In contrast, AHA delayed the complete inhibition of t ½ by only 1 to 24 h rather than permanently protecting the plants from anthracene damage to PS2. This suggests that AHA may slow, but not prevent, the entrance of either intact anthracene or its photooxidized byproducts under these exposure conditions.

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Potential of flow cytometry for “pump and probe” fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

The use of amides and other organic nitrogen sources by the phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi

The use of amides and other organic nitrogen sources by the phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi

Transport of Algal Cells in Hyporheic Sediments of the River Elbe (Germany)

Using chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the onset of anthracene photoinduced toxicity in Lemna gibba, and the mitigating effects of a commercial humic acid

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