Potential of Chromium(III) Picolinate for Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity Following Exposure of Male CD-1 Mice Prior to Mating

McAdory, DeAna; Rhodes, Nicholas R.; Briggins, Felicia; Bailey, Melissa M.; Bona, Kristin R. Di; Goodwin, Craig M.; Vincent, John B.; Rasco, Jane F.

doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9002-4

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…per day (25 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day) before mating had no effect on fertility, prenatal mortality, fetal weight or skeletal morphology (McAdory et al, 2011).…”

Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

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EFSA received a request from the Hellenic Food Authority for a scientific opinion on estimation of the risk to human health from the presence of chromium (Cr) in food, particularly in vegetables, and Cr(VI) in bottled water. The CONTAM Panel derived a TDI of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. per day for Cr(III) from the lowest NOAEL identified in an NTP chronic oral toxicity study in rats. Under the assumption that all chromium in food is Cr(III), the mean and 95th percentile dietary exposure across all age groups were well below the TDI and therefore does not raise concerns for public health. In the case of drinking water, the Panel considered all chromium in water as Cr(VI). For non‐neoplastic effects the lowest BMDL10 for diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of duodenum in female mice and the lowest BMDL05 for haematotoxicity in male rats in a 2‐year NTP study were selected as reference points. The MOEs indicate that for non‐neoplastic effects the current exposure levels to Cr(VI) via drinking water are of no concern for public health. For neoplastic effects, the CONTAM Panel selected a lowest BMDL10 for combined adenomas and carcinomas of the mouse small intestine as the reference point. Overall, the calculated MOEs indicate low concern regarding Cr(VI) intake via drinking water (water intended for human consumption and natural mineral waters) for all age groups when considering the mean chronic exposure values with the exception of infants at the upper bound (UB) exposure estimates. MOEs below 10 000 were calculated at the UB 95th percentile exposure estimates, particularly for ‘Infants’, ‘Toddlers’ and ‘Other children’, which were highly influenced by the relatively high occurrence values under the UB assumption. To improve the risk assessment, there is a need for data on the content of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in food and drinking water.

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“…per day (25 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day) before mating had no effect on fertility, prenatal mortality, fetal weight or skeletal morphology (McAdory et al, 2011).…”

Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

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“…Bailey (2006) reported increased incidence of bifurcated arches, McAdory et al (2011) observed an increase in the number of resorbed or dead foetuses and Bailey et al (2008) did not observe any maternal or fetal toxicity. Bailey (2006) reported increased incidence of bifurcated arches, McAdory et al (2011) observed an increase in the number of resorbed or dead foetuses and Bailey et al (2008) did not observe any maternal or fetal toxicity.…”

Section: Developmental Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Collate literature data on toxicity of Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in experimental animals and humans

Casalegno¹,

Schifanella²,

Zennaro³

et al. 2015

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Literature data on Chromium show that trivalent chromium has low acute and long term toxicity whilst hexavalent chromium is acutely toxic and produces long term effects on hematological parameters and liver. Continuous exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium in drinking water results in intestinal tumors in mice but not rats. However, evidence of the carcinogenic potential of chromium has been demonstrated in rats but not consistently in mice. Cr (III) organic complexes (chromium picolinate) did not show evident adverse effects after repeated oral exposure. Both in vitro and in vivo data show that trivalent chromium is not genotoxic whilst hexavalent chromium is genotoxic. Chromium has been shown to affect sperm, estrous cycle and fetal development. Human toxicity data reveals mixed results but there is some evidence that hexavalent chromium can increase the risk of cancer. Data on Nickel show that nickel soluble compounds (nickel sulphate, nickel chloride or nickel nitrate) have acute and long term toxicity and produce oxidative stress and long term effects on liver. Less soluble compounds (nickel sulfides or nickel oxides) are less toxic. Nickel shows genotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo. Only a limited number of studies on carcinogenic effects after oral exposure to nickel compounds are available. These studies showed no neoplastic effects in rats after oral administration. Nickel has been shown to affect sperm, live litter size and post-implantation loss. Teratogenic effects are reported on Amphibian embryos. Nickel can affect neurodifferentiation, the T-cell system and suppress the activity of natural killer cells. Human data reveals that nickel is excreted in the urine following oral exposure and that this increases with increasing age. There is some evidence that nickel might promote oral cancer etiology but no clear evidence that nickel can increase the risk of respiratory cancer.

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“…Thus, the mechanism by which trivalent chromium has an effect upon body compositions is still unclear [33,40,47,48]. It also should be mentioned that safety regarding the intake of chromium picolinate has not been established [49]. Many authors hold the opinion that chromium may reduce body mass by a number of mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and densitometric analysis of skeletal tissue in male Wistar rats after chromium sulfate treatment

Bieńko¹,

Radzki²,

Wolski³

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. This study evaluates the effects of three different doses of chromium sulphate on bone density and the tomographic parameters of skeletal tissue of rats. Materials and method. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats which received, by gavage, during 90 days, a chromium sulphate in either a daily dose of 400, 600 or 800 µg/kg BW. At the end of experiment, the rats were scanned using the densitometry method (DXA) to determine the bone mineral density, bone mineral content of total skeleton and vertebral column (L2-L4) and parameters of body composition (Lean Mass and Fat Mass). The isolated femora were scanned using peripheral a quantitative computed tomography method (pQCT) for a separate analysis of the trabecular and cortical bone tissue. The ultimate strength, work to ultimate and the Young modulus of femora was also investigated by the threepoint bending test. Results. The negative impact of chromium was observed in relation to bone tissue. All doses significantly decreased total skeleton density and mineral content, and also had impact upon the isolated femora and vertebral column. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density and trabecular bone mineral content measured by pQCT in distal femur metaphysis were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control. Higher doses of chromium also significantly decreased values of ultimate strength and Young modulus in the investigated femora. Conclusions. The results of the experiment demonstrate that chromium sulphate is dose dependent, and exerts a disadvantageous effect on the skeleton, as it decreases bone density and resistance.

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Potential of Chromium(III) Picolinate for Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity Following Exposure of Male CD-1 Mice Prior to Mating

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

Collate literature data on toxicity of Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in experimental animals and humans

The peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and densitometric analysis of skeletal tissue in male Wistar rats after chromium sulfate treatment

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