Potential impact on food safety and food security from persistent organic pollutants in top soil improvers on Mediterranean pasture

Brambilla, G; Abate, Vittorio; Battacone, Gianni; Filippis, Stefania Paola De; Esposito, Mauro; Esposito, Vittorio; Miniero, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.159

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Dioxin-like PCBs are discussed separately in Sections 3.1.2 and 3.1.3, however, overall, the ∑WHO 2005 -TEQ values for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs was 9.5-14.4 ng TEQ kg -1 DS for the biosolids, 19.0 ng TEQ kg -1 DS for CLO1 and 12.1 ng TEQ kg -1 DS for CLO2. Similar values were reported by Brambilla et al (2016) for 54 biosolids spread to land across the Veneto region of Italy, which contained a mean PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB concentration of 15.8 ng TEQ kg -1 DS (range 0.56-112.8 ng TEQ kg -1 DS). Similar, if slightly lower, ∑WHO 2005 -TEQ values for PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs were also reported by Clarke et al (2008a) in their survey of 14 Australian sludge samples, with a mean value of 5.6 (range 1.2-15.3 ng TEQ kg -1 DS).…”

Section: Journal Pre-proofsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The ∑ICES 6 for Biosolids3, from a rural area, was smaller and equivalent to 13.5 µg kg -1 DS. Nevertheless, these values, including for biosolids from major urban WwTP, were smaller than the mean ∑ICES 6 measured in 54 biosolids samples from Italian WwTPs by Brambilla et al (2016), of 44.03 µg kg -1 DS (range 5.65-616.7 µg kg -1 DS). The ∑ICES 7 (ICES 6 + PCB 118) values for ortho-PCBs in the biosolids were in the range 14.7-46.9 µg kg -1 DS and were significantly smaller than a proposed European limit in biosolids of 800 µg kg -1 DS (EC, 2003b), which was not adopted.…”

Section: Non Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Indeed, BDE-99 is one of the main constituents of commercial penta-BDE formulations, which may explain its relatively high abundance in biosolids and CLO (Smith and Riddell-Black, 2007). Brambilla et al (2016) also found that these were the most abundant congeners in biosolids from 54 Italian WwTPs, representing 80% of the sum of tetra-and penta-BDEs. Legend shows BDE number Data points with a grid pattern were below the limit of quantification, which is displayed.…”

Section: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethersmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Concentrations of organic contaminants in industrial and municipal bioresources recycled in agriculture in the UK

Rigby

Dowding

Fernandes

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Journal Pre-proofsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Non Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethersmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Concentrations of organic contaminants in industrial and municipal bioresources recycled in agriculture in the UK

Rigby

Dowding

Fernandes

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Grazing sheep nip closer to ground surface, and the share of ingested soil may be high, up to 20% of forages. For dairy sheep, Brambilla et al [ 54 ] computed the carry-over of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs from soil to milk for different soil intake scenarios. They found that for high soil intake, sheep milk may not comply with the EU maximum limit for milk (5.5 pg PCDD/F–PCB-TEQ/g fat) when the contamination of soil is above 4 ng PCDD/F–PCB-TEQ/kg dm [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For children in southern Italy, 38% of the dietary exposure to dioxins and dl-PCBs is via dairy products. For high soil intake of sheep, Brambilla et al [ 54 ] calculated that the TEQ concentration in soil has to be as low as 0.74 ng TEQ/kg dm to ensure protection of children’s health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn the past, cases of PCDD/F and PCB contamination exceeding limits in food from animal origin (eggs, meat or milk) were mainly caused by industrially produced feed. But in the last decade, exceedances of EU limit values were discovered more frequently for PCDD/Fs or dioxin-like(dl)-PCBs from free range chicken, sheep, and beef, often in the absence of any known contamination source.ResultsThe German Environment Agency initiated a project to elucidate the entry of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in food related to environmental contamination. This paper summarizes the most important findings. Food products from farm animals sensitive to dioxin/PCB exposure—suckling calves and laying hens housed outdoor—can exceed EU maximum levels at soil concentrations that have previously been considered as safe. Maximum permitted levels can already be exceeded in beef/veal when soil is contaminated around 5 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dry matter (dm). For eggs/broiler, this can occur at a concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil below 5 ng PCDD/F–PCB-TEQ/kg dm. Egg consumers—especially young children—can easily exceed health-based guidance values (TDI). The soil–chicken egg exposure pathway is probably the most sensitive route for human exposure to both dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs from soil and needs to be considered for soil guidelines. The study also found that calves from suckler cow herds are most prone to the impacts of dl-PCB contamination due to the excretion/accumulation via milk. PCB (and PCDD/F) intake for free-range cattle stems from feed and soil. Daily dl-PCB intake for suckler cow herds must in average be less than 2 ng PCB-TEQ/day. This translates to a maximum concentration in grass of 0.2 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dm which is less than 1/6 of the current EU maximum permitted level. This review compiles sources for PCDD/Fs and PCBs relevant to environmental contamination in respect to food safety. It also includes considerations on assessment of emerging POPs.ConclusionsThe major sources of PCDD/F and dl-PCB contamination of food of animal origin in Germany are (1) soils contaminated from past PCB and PCDD/F releases; (2) PCBs emitted from buildings and constructions; (3) PCBs present at farms. Impacted areas need to be assessed with respect to potential contamination of food-producing animals. Livestock management techniques can reduce exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Further research and regulatory action are needed to overcome gaps. Control and reduction measures are recommended for emission sources and new listed and emerging POPs to ensure food safety.

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Chemical Transformations of Synthetic Persistent Substances

Bagiu

Sărac

Radu

et al. 2020

Bioremediation and Biotechnology, Vol 3

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Potential impact on food safety and food security from persistent organic pollutants in top soil improvers on Mediterranean pasture

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Concentrations of organic contaminants in industrial and municipal bioresources recycled in agriculture in the UK

Concentrations of organic contaminants in industrial and municipal bioresources recycled in agriculture in the UK

Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management

Chemical Transformations of Synthetic Persistent Substances

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