Potential anticancer activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Rhynchosia suaveolens: an insight into the mechanism

Abstract

The present study reports a simple and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Rhynchosia suaveolens. UV-Vis analysis of R. suaveolens synthesized AgNPs (RS-AgNPs) showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 426 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that RS-AgNPs were 10-30 nm in size with spherical shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of RS-AgNPs confirmed the crystalline nature with face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interprets that polyphenols and proteins take part in bioreduction and capping of RS-AgNPs. RS-AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of different cancer cells including DU145 and PC-3(human prostate carcinoma cell lines), SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma)with IC values of 4.35, 7.72, 4.2 and 24.7 μg/mL, respectively. The plausible reasons behind anticancer activity of RS-AgNPs were explained using different assays on the most susceptible SKOV3 cells. RS-AgNPs induced oxidative stress in SKOV3 cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. RS-AgNPs induced the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells by up regulating the caspase-3, caspase -8, caspase -9, p53 and BAX and down regulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Further, RS-AgNPs showed elevation of caspase 3/7 activity and also exhibited antimigratory effect by inhibiting the migration of SKOV3 cells into the wounded area. The findings suggested that biogenic RS-AgNPs provide an alternative approach to overcome several limitations of chemotherapy.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Flemingia wightiana: spectral characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activity studies

“…After drying, the leaves were made into fine powder. Biosynthesis was carried out according to previous reports [36][37][38][39][40]. Ten gram of fine leaf powder was dissolved in 100 mL of DW and boiled for 30 min at temperature of 50 °C and then cooled to room temperature.…”

“…TEM results are in consistence with previous reports. AgNPs synthesized using Gymnema sylvestre, Centella asiatica and Melia dubia are spherical in shape with sizes ranging below 50 nm with FCC structure [36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…The results revealed that SKOV3 cells are more susceptible to FW-AgNPs compared to COLO205. The anticancer activity could due to two important properties; smaller size facilitated them to permeate the cancer cells and tumor matrix very effectively [39,52], and the flavonoids, and polyphenols involved in their synthesis might impart cytotoxicity for nanoparticles against different cancer cell lines [39].…”

“…Biological methods involve simple bioreduction methods and need not separate capping processes and separate capping agents. AgNPs have been prepared using different plant extracts including Gymnema sylvestre [36], Centella asiatica [37], Melia dubia [38], Rhynchosia suaveolens [39], Shorea roxburghii [40], Morus alba [41], Priva cordifolia [42], Catharanthus roseus [43], Andrographis paniculata [44], Cordia dichotoma [45], Cassia angustifolia [46], Amaranthus cruentus [47], Cola nitida [48], Arnebia hispidissima [49], Petiveria alliacea [50], Persea Americana [51], Buchanania axillaris [52], and Jatropha curcas [53] etc.…”

Eco-friendly synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of silver nanoparticles from leaf extract of Indigofera barberi Gamble: an endemic plant of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve

“…Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported to play a key role in the diagnosis, drug delivery, bioimaging [8], treatment of neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), autoimmune (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular and diabetic diseases [8][9][10]. AgNPs have been found to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities [11][12][13]. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs is an important application in the biomedicine and biotherapeutics to prepare medicines, injections, surgical vials, implants and various diagnostic kits [14].…”