Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in Preclinical In Vivo Models of Inflammation

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with related keywords. The inclusion criteria were inflammation, plant, and studies on rats or mice; while, the exclusion criteria were reviews, studies with in vitro models, and associated plants. The predominant animal models were paw edema, acute liver injury, and asthma. Rosemary was more commonly used in its entirety than in compounds, and the prevalent methods of extraction were maceration and hydrodistillation. The most common routes of administration reported were gavage, intraperitoneal, and oral, on a route-dependent dosage. Treatment took place daily, or was single-dose, on average for 21 days, and it more often started before the induction. The most evaluated biomarkers were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The best results emerged at a dose of 60 mg/kg, via IP of carnosic acid, a dose of 400 mg/kg via gavage of Rosmarinus officinalis, and a dose of 10 mg/kg via IP of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinus officinalis L. showed anti-inflammatory activity before and after induction of treatments.

Antimycobacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) Extracted by Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…In the LC chromatogram, the peak at retention time (RT) of 2.8 min was assigned to the presence of camphene and α-pinene, as reported by previous studies [37]. In fact, carnosol showed potent antiinflammatory activity [13,66]. In this study, camphene and α-pinen, natural essential oils, were the main compounds obtained in the R. officinalis extract.…”

“…They possess several unique therapeutic qualities, including hypoglycaemic, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolaemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressive, hepatoprotective, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial capabilities. Rosemary extract may help patients suffering from asthma, cataracts, renal colic, peptic ulcers and physical and mental tiredness [13]. Instead of using traditional solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are more efficient and more environmentally friendly than organic solvents such as hexane, acetone and chloroform; moreover, the use of these solvents is limited by green chemistry concepts [14].…”

Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid

“…Similarly, RA diterpenes carsonic acid displayed effective countermeasures against acute and chronic COVID-19 complications and neurodegenerative diseases via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome (Satoh et al 2022 ). Recently, Gonçalves et al ( 2022 ) conducted a database search on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of RA in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. The most evaluated biomarkers included myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malionaldehyde and superoxide dismutase.…”

Evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of GC/MS characterized methanol leaf extract of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae, Engl. & Diels)

“…It is believed to be intricately linked to chronic diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, immune inflammatory illness, etc. [2,3,25]. Human nature is endowed with an active mechanism for the resolution of inflammation.…”

“…This has paved the way for the use and development of alternative therapies that are possibly mimetic of inflammatory resolution mediators [29]. Herbs are believed to possess these qualities with fewer side effects when compared to conventional therapies [25]. Secondary metabolites (SMs) in herbs can act on multiple sites in a cell with specific interactions with different biochemical pathways to down-regulate pro-inflammatory signals and enhance inflammatory resolution [35].…”