Potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors from Withania somnifera fruits

Withanolides and Related Steroids

“…Withanoside IV (31) and VI (32) predominantly induced dendritic outgrowth in normal cortical neurons, while withanolide A (504) predominantly induced axon outgrowth (262). These withanolides also showed neuritic regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of damaged cortical neurons and prevented both dendritic and axonal atrophy induced by Ab (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) (261,263). Oral administration of withanoside IV significantly improved memory deficit in Ab(25-35) treated mice, and sominone, the aglycone of withanoside IV, was shown to be the major metabolite after administration.…”

“…Eleven 3b-O-glycosides isolated from W. somnifera contained the 1a,3b-dihydroxy arrangement combined with a 5,6-double bond in ring B. These include compound 30, later reported as withanoside V (19,27), withanosides IV (31), VI (32) and VII (33) (27), and 24,25-dihydrowithanoside VI (34) containing a disacharide at position 3 (29). The configurations at positions 24 and 25 of the latter compound were not elucidated.…”

“…Other modifications include formation of seco-steroids (as in physalins), a rearranged steroid nucleus, aromatic rings, and lack of an angular methyl as among the most important. One particularly interesting example is that present in a C 29 withanolide from the bark of Eucalyptus globulus (233) that has an ethyl substituent at C-25 instead of the usual methyl group (114).…”

Plant-Derived Agents with Anti-Glycation Activity

“…To date, up to 19 withanolide derivatives have been isolated from Withania roots [174]. Recently, Withania and its active components were shown to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit lipid peroxydation [175].…”

Coagulansin-A has beneficial effects on the development of bovine embryos in vitro via HSP70 induction

“…It is also used as an anti-ulcer agent, a tonic for liver and an antioxidant due to its scavenging of ROS [8][9][10]. Derivatives of withanolide have antioxidant properties and reduce lipid peroxidation [11]. Withanolide also inhibits the activities of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2, which are involved in inflammation [12].…”