Potensi Bentonite Clay Dan Karbon Aktif Sebagai Aflatoksin Binders Berdasarkan Gambaran Imunologis Dan Histopatologis Pada Ayam Buras

Abstract

Aflatoxin is a toxic compound from the fungus A. flavus which can cause a decrease in chicken productivity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bentonite clay and activated charcoal in chicken feed as aflatoxin binders based on histopathological and immunological features in chickens. A total of 60 chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups (G0, G1, G2, and G3) each group consisted of 15 chickens. G0 as a control without the addition of aflatoxin to the feed. Groups G1, G2, and G3’s feed were added with 106 ppb of aflatoxin. G2 was treated with 5g/kg bentonite clay, G3 was treated with 5g/kg activated charcoal. Chickens were vaccinated with Newcastle Disease (ND) on day 5. On days 14 and 28 serum was collected from the specimens for titer antibody testing. At the end of the study the chickens were dissected, the liver was taken for a histopathological test. The results of the aflatoxin level in the G0, G1, G2, and G3 groups were 10.5, 106, 19.1, and 23.95 ppb, respectively. Microscopic changes show the negative effects of aflatoxin on the liver organ. Group G0 did not show any histopathological changes, Group G2 and G3 showed several mild histopathological changes, whereas group G1 was the most severe. The antibody titers against Newcastle Disease (ND) of 4-weeks old chickens in G0, G1, G2, and G3 were 64, 4, 32, 32 HI units, respectively. The G0 treatment group has a protective titer against ND disease. Group G1 has the lowest (non-protective) ND antibody titer. Whereas the G2 and G3 groups both have protective titers against ND disease. Based on this study it was concluded that the administration of bentonite clay and activated charcoal was able to produce better immunological and histopathological features than the control group.

Investigation of a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A-induced blood profile in broiler chickens

“…T. mycotoxinivorans is a yeast cell isolated from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis and has been investigated as having the potential to degrade mycotoxins, including ochratoxin [ 9 ]. In addition, bentonite is an adsorbent that attaches to aflatoxins in the digestive tract so that the aflatoxins are not absorbed by digestion [ 11 ]. This is in accordance with a previous study by Hanif and Muhammad [ 23 ], which showed that T. mycotoxinivorans contained in detoxifying agents can reduce the adverse effects of ochratoxin.…”

“…This is in accordance with a previous study by Hanif and Muhammad [ 23 ], which showed that T. mycotoxinivorans contained in detoxifying agents can reduce the adverse effects of ochratoxin. Bentonite is an adsorbent capable of attaching to aflatoxins in the digestive tract so that aflatoxins are not absorbed by digestion [ 11 ]. Bentonite, which is included in the toxin binder, can effectively bind mycotoxin.…”

“…Chickens were fed every morning and evening, with unlimited drinking water. Based on references to previous studies [ 10 , 11 ], we have considered the use of mycotoxin detoxifier doses.…”

“…The choice of dose was chosen on the basis of the following considerations: According to Ramandani et al . [ 11 ], the level of aflatoxin that is still safe in feed ingredients is no more than 50 pbb or 0.05 mg/kg. Meanwhile, ochratoxin [ 10 ] at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg can already cause a decrease in the number of heterophiles.…”

Morfologi Dan Keamanan Pati Sagu Rumbia (Metroxylon sagu ROTTB) Untuk Gelatin Dalam Aplikasinya Sebagai Cangkang Kapsul

“…Pada penelitian yang dilakukan Ramandani et al (2020) tentang pengujian aflatoksin dimana hal ini dapat memberikan efek yang negatif khususnya pada manusia apabila secara tidak sengaja sumber makanan ataupun obat-obatan yang diambil dari bahan alam dikontaminasi aflatoksin. Ramandani et al (2020) juga didalam penelitiannya menyebutkan bahwa sumber kaolin yang mengandung bentonite mampu menetralisir apabila terdapat kandungan aflatoksin.…”