Potency of pertussis component in the DTP vaccine – an overview of three decade study in Poland

Gzyl, Anna; Augustynowicz, Ewa; Rabczenko, Daniel; Gniadek, Grzegorz; J, Slusarczyk

doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2004.07.002

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Vaccination coverage did not decrease over time and seems to be one of the highest in Europe, constantly oscillating ca. 98% (16). Analysis of the potency of the vaccine lots produced from 1972 to 2001 showed good product consistency, even if some changes have been introduced in the production and testing procedures (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…An additional booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine for 6-year-old children was introduced in 2004 to prevent the waning of immunity, which has been observed since the late 1990s in schoolchildren (39). An increased rates of pertussis was not found to be associated with decreased vaccination coverage, improved diagnostics, or the use of subpotent vaccine lots (15,16). A previous study showed that B. pertussis strains circulating in Poland after the 1990s, as elsewhere in Europe, presented nonvaccine variants of pertussis toxin and pertactin gene alleles (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…98% (16). Analysis of the potency of the vaccine lots produced from 1972 to 2001 showed good product consistency, even if some changes have been introduced in the production and testing procedures (15). Waning immunity found among schoolchildren in the context of pathogen evolution was attributed to increases in pertussis rates (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to other highly immunized communities in Europe, America, Asia, and Australia (9,10,20,27,35,44), Poland has seen a resurgence of pertussis since the late 1990s (15). Children in Poland have been continuously immunized since 1960 with three primary doses and one booster dose at 2, 3 to 4, 5, and 16 to 18 months of life with a nationally produced wholecell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strain Variation among Bordetella pertussis Isolates Circulating in Poland after 50 Years of Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Use

et al. 2011

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In the present study, clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis collected in Poland from 1960 to 2005 were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) according to protocols recommended in previous studies. Among the 110 isolates from 1995 to 2005, 59 PFGE patterns were found, most of which were different from those currently circulating in other European Union (EU) countries for which data are available. The PFGE patterns of currently disseminating B. pertussis clones were found within PFGE groups III and IV, as elsewhere in the EU, and in newly identified clusters A and C. Up to 70, 26, and 4%, respectively, of the currently isolated strains in Poland harbored ptxA1-prn1, ptxA1-prn2, and ptxA1-prn3 allele combinations, and most (82%) were found to be of the Fim2 phenotype. Differences in the extent of heterogeneity estimated by PFGE typing in B. pertussis populations circulating in Poland in comparison to other EU countries may be due to the different vaccine composition strategy, since routine pertussis vaccination was initiated in Poland in 1960.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain Variation among Bordetella pertussis Isolates Circulating in Poland after 50 Years of Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Use

et al. 2011

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“…31 Following the introduction of routine vaccination, substantial reductions were observed in the incidence of B. pertussis infections. Although many countries reported incidence rates declining to 1-20 per 100,000 population per year, 5,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] this was still likely to be underreporting the true disease burden. 38 The overall morbidity and mortality associated with B. pertussis infection also decreased, but hospitalisations and deaths continued to occur, primarily in infants younger than six months of age.…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis and epidemiology of pertussis in Australia

Kaczmarek¹

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Pertussis, more commonly known as whooping cough, is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infections reported in Australia. In the last decade, pertussis incidence has increased in Australia and overseas, with large sustained epidemics occurring most notably in developed countries. Australia had a pertussis epidemic between 2009 and 2012, which peaked during 2011 with 38,602 notified cases. The role of improved diagnostic methods, particularly the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, has been hypothesised to have led to improved case ascertainment and superior detection of disease activity. This Thesis is comprised of five distinct studies contributing to the investigation of this hypothesis.In Australia, the incidence of pertussis is predominantly monitored using notification data, with the case definition for notifications heavily reliant on laboratory confirmation. By analysing pertussis notifications between 1991 and 2013 by diagnostic test method, I was able to demonstrate that PCR quickly replaced all other laboratory methods for pertussis diagnosis from 2005 onwards, with the exception of persisting serology use in a proportion of adolescents and adults. In addition, a change in the age distribution of notifications was observed over time, with increasing pertussis incidence among older children and adolescents.As notification data can be biased by changes in testing practices, awareness, and definitions, my next study investigated pertussis testing trends in the general practice (GP, primary care) setting between 2000 and 2011 using data from the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program. Among a stable set of GP encounters for respiratory illness, it was observed that the likelihood of individuals being tested for pertussis in 2010-2011 was seven times higher compared to ten years earlier. These findings, at least in part, suggest that notifications have been amplified due to increased testing.To gather more information about the contribution of increased testing to the pertussis epidemic, the incidence of severe pertussis cases admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) was reviewed, as the ICU setting is less likely to be biased by changes in diagnostic This Thesis makes an important and original contribution to understanding the recent resurgence of pertussis in Australia and overseas by addressing gaps in knowledge about changes in diagnostic testing. Although a true increase in pertussis incidence occurred in Australia, increasing PCR diagnosis allowed better case detection across all age groups and healthcare settings. Greater understanding of pertussis epidemiology as a result of PCR diagnosis should ultimately improve pertussis immunisation and control programs, through better identification of at-risk groups.iv

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Colonization of Bordetella pertussis Clinical Isolates that Differ by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Types in the Lungs of Naïve Mice or Mice Immunized with the Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Used in Poland

Polak

Zawadka

Mosiej

et al. 2014

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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The goal of our study was to compare the elimination of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates that differ according to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotypes and genes encoding virulence factors from the lungs of naïve mice or mice immunized with commercial diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine used in Poland. When a mixture of four isolates, given in equal proportions and harboring different PFGE profiles, serotypes, and alleles encoding virulence factors, was used to infect non-immunized mice, a single isolate, characterized by PFGE type IVγ, Fim2 phenotype and ptxA1-prn2-tcfA2-fim2-1-ptxP1-ptxC1-fim3-1 alleles, was found to be significantly predominant compared to the others. This PFGE profile is commonly found in B. pertussis isolates circulating in some European countries since the late 1990s, confirming its high fitness. The Polish commercial whole-cell pertussis vaccine induced an immunity effective at eliminating the B. pertussis isolates from the lungs. However, the elimination of the isolate harboring PFGE type C profile, Fim2,3 phenotype and ptxA1-prn1-tcfA2-fim2-1-ptxP1-ptxC1-fim3-1 alleles was delayed as compared to the others, suggesting phenotypic differences with the other isolates and vaccine strains. Nevertheless, the same isolate, when challenged into mice in the defined mixture of strains, lost the competition with the others, as measured by lung colonization efficiency. This PFGE profile represents 15 % of the isolates circulating in Poland between 2001 and 2012.

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Potency of pertussis component in the DTP vaccine – an overview of three decade study in Poland

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Strain Variation among Bordetella pertussis Isolates Circulating in Poland after 50 Years of Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Use

Strain Variation among Bordetella pertussis Isolates Circulating in Poland after 50 Years of Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Use

The diagnosis and epidemiology of pertussis in Australia

Colonization of Bordetella pertussis Clinical Isolates that Differ by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Types in the Lungs of Naïve Mice or Mice Immunized with the Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Used in Poland

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