Potabilization of desalinated water at Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah

Khawaji, Akili D.; Wie, Jong-Mihn

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(94)00138-3

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is because MSFD produces distillate with small impurities amounts, and then, the potabilization is utilized to eliminate these impurities [33]. The potabilization process can be conducted via two different methods: injecting CO 2 and hydrated lime [34] and carbonated water is passed through limestone bed filters [35]. Potabilization has four main processes: carbonation, liming, chlorination, and aeration.…”

Section: Potabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Desalination Systems: From Traditionality to Modernity and Development

Essa¹

2022

Distillation Processes - From Solar and Membrane Distillation to Reactive Distillation Modelling, Simulation and Optimization

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As well known, the basic birthrights of human are the clean air, clean water, healthy food, and green energy. So, clean water is the second important requested need of all living organisms on Earth. To know the importance of water to our human bodies, a deficiency of just 2% in our body’s water supply indicates dehydration. Nowadays, all countries suffer from the problem of freshwater shortage. Despite the importance of clean water for our lives, only 0.01% is available as surface water such as the rivers, lakes, and swamps. These frightening facts have made it a national and humanitarian duty for scientists to research how to overcome the water problem and how to provide alternative sources of safe drinking water using renewable energies. Desalination is the most famous and operative technique used to overcome this problem. In this chapter, the different desalination techniques are reviewed and reported. Also, the solar distillation processes are mentioned with an extended review on the solar distillers. Besides, the application of artificial intelligence in improving the performance of desalination systems is reported. The main conclusions are stated at the end of this chapter.

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Section: Potabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Desalination Systems: From Traditionality to Modernity and Development

Essa¹

2022

Distillation Processes - From Solar and Membrane Distillation to Reactive Distillation Modelling, Simulation and Optimization

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“…Building of MSF distillation plants started in late1950s. Some of these MSF plants can comprise 15-25 stages [12]. These distillation plants can possess either • In once-through design, the feed water or saline water is passed through the heater and flash chambers only once and then it is disposed of…”

Section: Thermal Desalination Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSF is producing around 64% of the total world desalinated water at present. Though this process is the most reliable source for the production of potable water from seawater, yet it is considered as an energy demanding process that requires both thermal and mechanical energy [12].…”

Section: Thermal Desalination Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination of Water

Thimmaraju¹,

Sreepada²,

Babu³

et al. 2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Water is very essential for all living beings. It covers nearly 70% of earth's surface. Even though the major portion of earth is covered by water, there is severe shortage of drinking water in most of the countries across the world. Safe drinking water is vital for all forms of life though it does not provide any calories. Desalination of sea water appears as a solution for this problem. Advanced desalination technologies that are applied to seawater and brackish water prove to be effective alternatives in a variety of situations. This study mainly focuses on upcoming trends in modern desalination technologies and emphasizing the options offered by them. Desalination is a technique where the excess salts are removed from sea water or brackish water converting it into safe potable or usable water. Desalination methods are categorized into thermal processes and membrane processes. In this chapter we discuss about different thermal processes like multistage flash distillation, multiple effect distillation, vapour compression evaporation, cogeneration and solar water desalination. We also discuss about various categories of membrane processes like reverse osmosis, electro dialysis and membrane distillation methods. This chapter also concentrates on advantages and disadvantages and economical parameters involved in each of these methods.

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“…At the same time, the costs of obtaining and treating water from conventional sources have risen due to the increased levels of treatment required to comply with more stringent water quality standards [38]. For the production of fresh water from the saline water, a choice among the commercially available desalination technologies largely depends on how the process applies in some specific conditions, together with both technical and economic considerations [39]. All the individual technologies have their relative pros and cons and are summarized in the following Table 5 [40].…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Different Desalination Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the economic analysis is based on cost determining factors such as capital, energy, labor, chemicals, materials, and consumables [39][40][41][42]. Numerous analyses and comparisons have been carried out to assess competing technologies and economics.…”

Section: Comparison Of Salient Features Of Different Desalination Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination Technologies for Developing Countries: A Review

et al. 2018

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Fresh water is rapidly being exhausted due to natural and anthropogenic activities. The more and more interest is being paid to desalination of seawater and brackish water in order to provide fresh water. The suitability of these desalination technologies is based on several criteria including the level of feed water quality, source of energy, removal efficiency, energy requirement etc. In this paper, we presented a review of different desalination methods, a comparative study between different desalination methods, with emphasis on technologies and economics. The real problem in these technologies is the optimum economic design and evaluation of the combined plants in order to be economically viable for the developing countries. Distillation plants normally have higher energy requirements and unit capital cost than membrane plants and produces huge waste heat. Corrosion, scaling and fouling problems are more serious in thermal processes compare to the membrane processes. On the other hand, membrane processes required pretreatment of the feed water in order to remove particulates so that the membranes last longer. With the continuing advancement to reduce the total energy consumption and lower the cost of water production, membrane processes are becoming the technology of choice for desalination in developing countries.

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Potabilization of desalinated water at Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal Desalination Systems: From Traditionality to Modernity and Development

Thermal Desalination Systems: From Traditionality to Modernity and Development

Desalination of Water

Desalination Technologies for Developing Countries: A Review

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