Desalination of Water

Abstract

Water is very essential for all living beings. It covers nearly 70% of earth's surface. Even though the major portion of earth is covered by water, there is severe shortage of drinking water in most of the countries across the world. Safe drinking water is vital for all forms of life though it does not provide any calories. Desalination of sea water appears as a solution for this problem. Advanced desalination technologies that are applied to seawater and brackish water prove to be effective alternatives in a variety of situations. This study mainly focuses on upcoming trends in modern desalination technologies and emphasizing the options offered by them. Desalination is a technique where the excess salts are removed from sea water or brackish water converting it into safe potable or usable water. Desalination methods are categorized into thermal processes and membrane processes. In this chapter we discuss about different thermal processes like multistage flash distillation, multiple effect distillation, vapour compression evaporation, cogeneration and solar water desalination. We also discuss about various categories of membrane processes like reverse osmosis, electro dialysis and membrane distillation methods. This chapter also concentrates on advantages and disadvantages and economical parameters involved in each of these methods.

Review of Solar Energy Applications for Water Treatment; a Global and African Perspective

“…The process in which the sea water is converted to fresh water is referred as desalination process [20,38]. By far the most often used renewable energy source for desalination is solar energy, and it has therefore been used to power a variety of current desalination methods, including MSF, ED, RO, VC, and NF [39].…”

Exploring Water Quality and Toxicity: An Analysis of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in the Parañaque River

“…It is accessible from different bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, streams, and reservoirs. However, water from these sources is mainly saltwater and can only be used after desalination [2]. Water is vital for survivability, as the human body is composed of 55% to 78% of water.…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Polysulfone Membrane Based On GO-SiO2 Composite using Phase Inversion Method

“…This problem is very significant where clean water sources are increasingly scarce. The scarcity of clean water sources is due to the fact that nearly 97,5% of the water on earth is water with a salt content found in the ocean and the remaining 2,5% is fresh water in the areas of rivers, icebergs, land and lakes which cover most of the needs of living things [1]. Sea water with high salt content can be used as an alternative solution in meeting the needs of clean water by separating the dissolved salt content in the water through a desalination process.…”