Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in Families of Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors

Kazak, Anne E.; Alderfer, Melissa A.; Rourke, Mary T.; Simms, Steven; Streisand, Randi; Grossman, Jana R

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsh022

Cited by 400 publications

(402 citation statements)

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“…This finding somewhat contradict the conclusions of previous studies reporting gender differences. Typically, those studies have merely compared the scores of mothers with those of fathers, and often found that mothers report more distress than fathers do (e.g., [4,6]), although other times no such gender differences are found (e.g., [10,26]). Relying on the approach used in the present study, we may conclude that the experience of the child's illness often is as stressful for fathers as for mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, including the clinical diagnosis of PTSD, has been suggested to be a useful model for understanding long-term distress in parents of children with cancer [9], and the characteristic symptoms intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal have been observed in parents of children who survive (e.g. [10]). On the basis of an extensive review, Smith et al [11] note that the estimated rates of PTS and PTSD are often even higher in parents of children with cancer than in pediatric and adult cancer patients themselves.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parent distress in childhood cancer: A comparative evaluation of posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and anxiety

Norberg¹,

Boman²

2008

Acta Oncologica

138

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Parent distress in childhood cancer: A comparative evaluation of posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and anxiety

Norberg¹,

Boman²

2008

Acta Oncologica

138

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“…Heightened levels of depression [6,7], anxiety [8][9][10][11], stress [10,12], a decreased quality of life [13], marital distress [14,15] and post-traumatic stress symptoms (e.g. [16][17][18]) have been reported in parents of pediatric cancer patients. This effect has been found to persist in a substantial proportion of the parents, 5 to even 10 years or longer [12,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric qualities of the Dutch version of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP): a multi‐center study

et al. 2010

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Egeler, R. M. (2010). Psychometric qualities of the Dutch version of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP): a multi-center study. Psycho-oncology, 19(4), 368-375. DOI: 10.1002/pon.1571 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. AbstractObjectives: Diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer are continuous stressors in the lives of the entire family involved. Disease-related tools for the assessment of parental stress and adaptation are scarce. For that reason, the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), a diseaserelated measure, was translated into Dutch and its psychometric qualities were determined to prove its value. Methods: The PIP and three other measures (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire and Parenting Stress Index, Short Form) were administered to 174 parents of 107 children diagnosed with cancer in three university medical centers in the Netherlands.Results: Internal consistency (Crohnbach's a 5 0.94 and 0.95) and test-retest reliability (Pearson's r between 0.67 and 0.87) of the Dutch PIP total scales are satisfactory. Validity was illustrated by a high correlation between PIP-scores and anxiety and general stress. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit to the data for the original four-factor and the one-factor models; the four-factor model showed slightly better fit.Conclusion: The PIP can be used in clinical practice to assess disease-related parental stress. Further psychometric testing is highly recommended.

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“…It can be concluded that dealing with childhood cancer is a dramatic event that could influence physical and psychosocial functioning long time after termination of the treatment [2,5,6]. In addition, post-traumatic stress symptoms appeared to be common in families of childhood cancer; among survivors of childhood cancer, as well as among their parents [7][8][9][10]. Nevertheless, many long-term survivors of childhood cancer turned out to function well [11,12](see reviews by Langeveld et al [3] and Stam et al [4]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health‐related quality of life in children and emotional reactions of parents following completion of cancer treatment

Stam

Grootenhuis

Brons

et al. 2005

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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BackgroundCompleting therapy is one of the major transitions in care in the practice of pediatric oncology and, therefore, deserves special consideration. The purpose of the study was to investigate health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of pediatric patients, and emotional reactions of their parents, shortly after the end of successful treatment.MethodsHRQOL of 126 patients, aged 1–15 years, on average 2 months after the end of successful treatment, was assessed with the TNO‐AZL Pre‐school Quality of life Questionnaire and the TNO‐AZL Children's Quality of life Questionnaire. Emotional adjustment of 124 mothers and 111 fathers was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire and the Situation Specific Emotional Reaction Questionnaire. The outcomes of the patients and parents were compared with norm data by means of one sample t‐tests, one sample sign‐tests or binomial tests.ResultsAll age groups, except patients aged 8–11 years, experienced worse HRQOL than the norm with respect to motor functioning. In addition, pre‐school patients were rated worse on sleeping, appetite, stomach, skin, problem behavior, anxiety, and liveliness, and patients aged 6–7 years on autonomy and cognitive functioning. Parents reported more psychological distress than the norm. Compared to parents whose children were 1–5 years after cancer treatment, they suffered more from feelings of loneliness, helplessness, and uncertainty.ConclusionsA few months after the end of successful cancer treatment, both patients and parents appeared to experience worse well‐being than the norm to a clinically relevant extent. Supporting patients and parents should not stop when treatment ends. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:312–319. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in Families of Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors

Cited by 400 publications

References 31 publications

Parent distress in childhood cancer: A comparative evaluation of posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and anxiety

Parent distress in childhood cancer: A comparative evaluation of posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and anxiety

Psychometric qualities of the Dutch version of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP): a multi‐center study

Health‐related quality of life in children and emotional reactions of parents following completion of cancer treatment

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