Postmortal radiographic diagnosis of laminitis in a captive European moose (Alces alces)

SEVERE HOOF DISEASE IN FREE-RANGING ROOSEVELT ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS ROOSEVELTI) IN SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON, USA

“…Hoof disease in wild and captive cervids has been described worldwide, and etiologies include infectious diseases such as epizootic hemorrhagic disease and infectious pododermatitis (Sleeman et al 2009;Handeland et al 2010), noninfectious diseases such as mineral deficiencies and endophyte toxicity (Flynn et al 1977;Handeland and Vikren 2005), and chronic laminitis (Gray et al 2001;Clauss et al 2009), which is generally related to nutritional imbalance. In many cases, hoof disease in wild cervids may be multifactorial and influenced by diet, behavior, habitat use, range quality, and population genetics (Lavin et al 2004).…”

Diet and diet‐related disorders in captive ruminants at the national zoological gardens of South Africa

“…Sample sizes were low for some species, although to our knowledge, this comparative survey represents the most comprehensive of its kind published so far with a direct link to feeding instructions. In this respect, our evaluation expands case studies [e.g., Clauss et al, ; Schilcher et al, ] in which negative controls, that is, species that did not show the pathological symptoms, are lacking, and it also expands survey analyses in which the amount of individual food items offered are often not quantified but have to be extrapolated [e.g., Hummel et al, ]. However, the degree to which the feeding instructions reported in this study were actually put into practice could not be assessed, and the nutrient composition of the various diets could not be assessed; in particular, data for the various pelleted diets used historically are missing.…”

“…In case studies or surveys on individual species, links between the diets fed and body condition, feces consistency or gastrointestinal problems, including acidosis‐triggered laminitis, have been made [Flores‐Miyamoto et al, ; Hummel et al, ; Clauss et al, ; Zenker et al, ; Schilcher et al, ; Taylor et al, ]. Controlled feeding studies in exotic ruminants with an evaluation of health parameters are rare [McCusker et al, ; Das et al, ; Ritz et al, ], as are studies that compare diets fed across a range of ruminant species and potential links to animal health.…”

Severe laminitis in multiple zoo species

“…Furthermore, reported cases have been mild to moderate and usually only recognized postmortem. Species affected have included black buck antelope (Antilope cervicapra) (Zenker et al 2009), dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) (Sharma and Sharma 2006), elk (Cervus elaphus) (Gray et al 2001), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) (Zenker et al 2009), moose (Alces alces) (Mutler et al 2008;Clauss et al 2009), and muskox (Ovibos moschatos) (Seidel & Rowell 1995), in association with excess concentrates; black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) (Kenny 2009), white tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Falconi et al 2011), and greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) (Letshwenyo et al 2006) in association with severe infectious disease; and Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) (Jensen 1982) and zebra (Equus burchelli) (Wiedner et al 2012), due to undescribed causes.…”