SEVERE HOOF DISEASE IN FREE-RANGING ROOSEVELT ELK (<i>CERVUS ELAPHUS ROOSEVELTI</i>) IN SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON, USA

Han, Sushan; Mansfield, Kristin

doi:10.7589/2013-07-163

Cited by 23 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The pathology of lesions taken from elk feet has been described in detail recently (19), and an example is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area included areas grazed by domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries); the DD status of the animals on this pasture was not determined. The terrain and study area have been discussed in more detail recently (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grossly, affected elk have deformed hooves that are asymmetrical, markedly elongated, and curved or broken or with sloughed horn. The disease pathology for elk showing such clinical signs has been described in detail (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

et al. 2015

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c Since 2008, a large increase in the numbers of cases of lameness have been seen in wild North American elk (Cervus elaphus) from Washington State, USA. The most recent cases manifested as foot lesions similar both clinically and pathologically to those seen in digital dermatitis (DD) in cattle and sheep, a disease with a bacterial etiopathogenesis. To determine whether the same bacteria considered responsible for DD are associated with elk lameness, lesion samples were subjected to bacterial isolation studies and PCR assays for three phylogroups of relevant DD treponemes. The DD treponemes were isolated from lesional tissues but not from control feet or other areas of the diseased foot (including the coronary band or interdigital space), suggesting that the bacteria are strongly associated with DD lesions and may therefore be causal. In addition, PCR analysis revealed that all three unique DD treponeme phylotypes were found in elk hoof disease, and in 23% of samples, all 3 DD-associated treponemes were present in lesions. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the elk lesion treponemes were phylogenetically almost identical to those isolated from cattle and sheep DD lesions. The isolates were particularly similar to two of the three culturable DD treponeme phylotypes: specifically, the Treponema medium/Treponema vincentii-like and Treponema phagedenislike DD spirochetes. The third treponeme culturable phylogroup (Treponema pedis), although detected by PCR, was not isolated. This is the first report describing isolation of DD treponemes from a wildlife host, suggesting that the disease may be evolving to include a wider spectrum of cloven-hoofed animals.

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“…The pathology of lesions taken from elk feet has been described in detail recently (19), and an example is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

et al. 2015

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“…It has become increasingly apparent that other mammalian species, including small ruminants (sheep and goat) and wildlife (e.g., elk), can be affected with lesions of the hoof and skin that have significant similarities to DD (Clegg et al., ; Crosby‐Durrani et al., ; Duncan et al., ; Han & Mansfield, ). Interestingly, despite the presence of very similar organisms being isolated from these various hosts, the clinical manifestations of these diseases vary across the hosts as was eluded to before.…”

Section: The Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing pieces of the puzzle to effectively control digital dermatitis

Orsel

Plummer

Shearer

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Since the first report of bovine digital dermatitis (DD) in 1974, there is a large body of the literature published; however, effective prevention and control of the disease remain elusive. Although many aspects of the pathogenesis of DD have been investigated, even some of the most basic questions such as the aetiology of this disease remain under debate. Treponema spp. have been strongly associated with DD lesions and occur in abundance in advanced lesions; however, efforts to induce disease with pure cultures of these organisms have been largely underwhelming and inconsistent. Furthermore, although the disease has been presented for several decades, there is limited scientific evidence regarding effective treatment of DD. Apparent discrepancies between effectiveness in vitro and in vivo have challenged the scientific community to identify new potential treatment options. With no treatment resulting in a 100% cure rate, the current expectation is manageable control, but prospects for the eradication of the disease are unlikely using current approaches. In order to develop more effective approaches to control DD on-farm, there is a critical need for a deeper understanding regarding the causation, ecology, transmission and treatment of this disease. In this article, we attempt to provide insights into specific research needs related to DD in order to assist the industry, researchers, pharmaceutical companies and research sponsors with decision-making and identified research gaps.

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“…As a result of the severity of the lesions, sheep can be extremely lame, impacting the welfare of the affected sheep (28). This is concurrent with the lesion pathology identified in elk, described as erosive lesions on the coronary band which lead to underrunning of the hoof wall (22,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

High-Level Association of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponema spp. with Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions and Presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

Sullivan¹,

Clegg²,

Angell

et al. 2015

J Clin Microbiol

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Digital dermatitis (DD) is an infectious lameness commonly found in dairy cattle worldwide, and it is known as bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) or papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD). The disease was first reported in 1980 in the United States (1) and in the late 1980s in the United Kingdom (2). BDD has also been confirmed in beef cattle (3, 4), and over the last 30 years, the disease has been recognized as an important cause of bovine lameness (5).Lameness in cattle and sheep has serious animal welfare and economic implications (6-9). The effects of lameness in cattle include a decrease in milk yield (9, 10) and fertility (8, 11-13) and an increase in rate of culling (12,14). This has been found to be particularly true for cattle suffering from BDD (8, 15, 16) with a recent study of the cost of lameness in the United States estimating that on average, BDD costs $133 per case (17).BDD is now a worldwide problem, and controlling BDD on dairy operations has proven difficult. Moreover, in the last 20 years, sheep in the United Kingdom have been identified with a form of DD termed contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), which is rapidly emerging as a severe infectious foot disease since it was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1997 (18-20). Now, CODD has spread into the Republic of Ireland (20), and it was recently reported in dairy goats in the United Kingdom (21), indicating further cross-species transmission. The contagious nature of DD is also evident by the reports of a manifestation of the disease in a wildlife host, North American elk (Cervus elaphus) from Washington State (22). The reports of DD in previously unaffected species, including U.S. wildlife, suggests a much greater global threat of the disease than previously considered.BDD in cattle manifests in several forms, but most frequently as an ulcerative lesion of the digital skin located immediately above the coronary band between the heel bulbs which results in severe lameness (23). The clinical features of CODD in sheep are slightly different, mainly because the initial lesion site on the sheep foot is different. CODD lesions commence at the coronary band and then run under the hoof horn capsule dorsally and abaxially (24). CODD frequently presents a particularly severe outcome where the whole horn capsule can be lost (18,(25)(26)(27). As a result of the severity of the lesions, sheep can be extremely lame, impacting the welfare of the affected sheep (28). This is concurrent with the lesion pathology identified in elk, described as erosive lesions on

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SEVERE HOOF DISEASE IN FREE-RANGING ROOSEVELT ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS ROOSEVELTI) IN SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON, USA

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

Missing pieces of the puzzle to effectively control digital dermatitis

High-Level Association of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponema spp. with Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions and Presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

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