Postconditioning CS-alone exposure as a source of interference in a taste aversion paradigm

Klein, Stephen B.; Mikulka, Peter J.; Rochelle, Fendell P.; Blair, Vickie

doi:10.3758/bf03326723

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…& Smith, 1977) and presenting flavors before, during, or after the taste-illness delay (Klein, Mikulka, Rochelle, & Blair, 1978;Revusky, 1971). The class of internal events capable of interfering with taste aversions may be narrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Events that attenuate taste–illness learning by altering the brain include drugs (Cairnie & Leach, 1982; Landauer, Balster, & Harris, 1985; Revusky & Martin, 1988), electroconvulsive shock (Kral, 1972), and lesions (Lasiter & Glanzman, 1982). Internal events that attenuate taste aversions include making the animal ill before or after the taste–illness pairing (Best & Domjan, 1979; Colby & Smith, 1977) and presenting flavors before, during, or after the taste–illness delay (Klein, Mikulka, Rochelle, & Blair, 1978; Revusky, 1971). The class of internal events capable of interfering with taste aversions may be narrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditioned taste aversions are not readily disrupted by external excitation.

Holder

Yirmiya

García

et al. 1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Thirsty male rats were given saccharin water followed by delayed illness. During the delay, some of the rats were exposed to events designed to stimulate their external systems (i.e., the system that processes external events such as auditory and tactile stimulation). Access to females, mild footshocks, and pain from hypertonic saline injections did not interfere with either the acquisition or extinction of a taste aversion. In fact, when administered intraperitoneally, the hypertonic saline slightly increased the strength of the aversion. Exposure to heat, which changed both skin temperature and core temperature, slightly attenuated the formation of the aversion. Overall, these results emphasize the independence of the internal system (i.e., the system that deals with internal events such as taste, illness, and core temperature) and the external system. Furthermore, the associating of events related to the internal system is not readily interfered with by events related to the external system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned taste aversions are not readily disrupted by external excitation.

Holder

Yirmiya

García

et al. 1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Eventually the delay is such that the animal finds it difficult to associate the malaise with a food it perceives as safe and therefore fails to develop a CFA. In such circumstances several taste/poison pairings may be necessary before the animals reclassifies the food as aversive (Klein et al 1978).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of prefeeding for the development of bait aversions in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Moss¹,

O'Connor²,

Hickling³

1998

Wildl. Res.

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of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Implications of prefeeding for the development of bait aversions in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) by Zane N. Moss The first cage trial determined the effects of prefeeding on aversion development. Three treatment groups received for 7 days either i) no prefeed ii) plain prefeed, or iii) dyed and lured prefeed baits. Each possum then ingested a sub-lethal 1080 bait. Seven days later, the possums were tested for development of an aversion towards a 1080 bait, a prefeed bait, and a prefeed bait containing brodifacoum. Most (96%) non-prefed possums became averse to the 1080 bait, compared with only 55% and 9% of the two prefed groups.Similarly, over 90% of the non-prefed possums were averse to prefeed and brodifacoum baits, compared to <15% of the prefed possums. The trial also showed that novelty has an influence on possums' aversion development; as prefeed and toxic baits became more similar (i.e. the more cues shared), fewer prefed possums were able to distinguish between the two after sub-lethal poisoning and so few developed aversions.The second cage trial examined the influence of bait cues and prefeeding duration on possums' development of aversion. Three main treatment groups received either i) dyed, ii) cinnamon lured, or iii) dyed and lured prefeed baits, for either 1 or 7 days.iii Mter sub-lethal poisoning possums were tested for aversion towards a 1080 bait and a prefeed bait. Once again the influence of familiarity was apparent, with only 34% averse to the toxic bait, significantly less than for non-prefed possums (cf. trial one). Dye seemed to provide relatively weak cues linking prefeed and toxic bait, with 7 days prefeeding required to inhibit aversion development. In contrast, cinnamon appeared to provide relatively strong olfactory and/or taste cues linking prefeed and toxic baits, with one exposure to cinnamon lured prefeed sufficient to inhibit aversion development. As in the first trial, most of the possums that developed aversion to the toxic bait did not generalise this aversion to the prefeed bait. Some possums were seemingly able to detect 0.08% 1080, despite it being' masked' with cinnamon oil.The field trial aimed to validate results of the cage trials and to examine whether possums preferentially associate certain cues with poisoning. Two treatment groups received either cinnamon lured baits, or apples, for 3 weeks. Mter sub-lethal poisoning possums were tested for aversion towards a non-toxic prefeed bait, a dyed non-toxic bait, a toxic bait, and a dyed toxic bait, all of which contained cinnamon. Once again most non-prefed possums developed generalised aversions, avoiding all cereal baits. In contrast, prefed possums consumed familiar prefeed baits, but avoided all other baits. This demonstrated that possums could detect both dye and 1080 in a cinnamon-lured bait. This result also suggests that extended prefeeding may enable possums to distinguish between prefeed a...

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“…Although preweanlings did not express significantly greater potentiation of the coffee aversion than did adults, it is notable that animals of both age groups expressed both a potentiated sucrose aversion and coffee aversion and that, in both cases, this potentiation was attenuated or eliminated by presenting a nonreinforced exposure of the other element. Klein, Mikulka, Rochelle, and Blair (1978) cited the insensitivity of a one-bottle intake test compared to a two-bottle preference test. This may account for the different level of significance obtained in the ontogenetic compari-sons for potentiated sucrose and potentiated coffee aversions.…”

Section: Conditioned Coffee Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation and overshadowing in preweanling and adult rats.

Kucharski¹,

Spear²

1985

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Four experiments compared the aversion acquired by 18-day-old and 60-day-old rats to a flavor that was either tasted alone or in combination, simultaneously or successively, with another flavor when paired with illness. The purpose was to study temporal variables and theoretical issues pertinent to potentiation and overshadowing while investigating ontogenetic differences in these phenomena. When either the preweanlings or the adults were presented a simultaneous compound flavor (sucrose/coffee) followed by lithium chloride-induced illness, greater sucrose aversions were found than for animals conditioned on sucrose alone--that is, potentiation. Preweanlings demonstrated greater potentiation than did adults, whether the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) delay was 0 or 1 hr. This potentiation was eliminated by nonreinforced presentations of the alternative CS element. Potentiation was not seen when the two flavors were presented successively as the CS; instead, overshadowing occurred. Tests of configuring by extinction procedures indicated a tendency for these animals to form a configured representation of the simultaneous compound solution. This disposition for configuring tended to be more pronounced for preweanlings than for adults. Ontogenetic differences in response to configuration, CS saliency, and generalization decrement seem consistent with at least one model of potentiation and the ontogenetic differences in potentiation seen in the present experiments.

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Postconditioning CS-alone exposure as a source of interference in a taste aversion paradigm

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Conditioned taste aversions are not readily disrupted by external excitation.

Conditioned taste aversions are not readily disrupted by external excitation.

Implications of prefeeding for the development of bait aversions in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Potentiation and overshadowing in preweanling and adult rats.

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