Post-menopausal Osteoporosis and Probiotics

Abstract

: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with increased risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. It is due to deficiency of estrogen production after the menopause which causes the imbalance in the bone remodeling process where resorption/formation skewed more towards resoption which leads to bone loss. It causes high morbidity and serious health complication among the affected women. The current PMO therapy has many unwanted side effects and even increases the possibility of tumorgenesis. Therefore an alternative therapy that is safe and effective is required. Probiotics are the dietary supplements consisting of beneficial microbes and when administered in an adequate amount confer a health benefit to the host. Recent scientific evidences suggested the link between the intestinal microbiota and bone health. This review discusses the process of bone remodeling and the role of intestinal microbiota on the bone metabolism of the host. Further, it summarizes the recent studies of probiotic on an animal model of PMO and also in post postmenopausal women.

Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

“…Probiotics, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, and nutritional interventions, display functions in reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, restoring gut permeability, and rescuing bone loss. Probiotic administration has been considered to be a potential novel target for regulating bone homeostasis to prevent bone diseases such as OP in humans, and in various animal models with induced bone loss [ 167 , 174 , 175 , 176 ]. However, studies have shown a range of variations in the incurred benefits of probiotics; and their efficiency is species-specific due to multiple factors, including the strains of the probiotics and the host’s physical and physiological state [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Effect of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis on Active FGF23 Levels in MLO-Y4 Cells: The Protective Role of 17-β-Estradiol

“…In fact, ovariectomy increases osteocyte apoptosis, leading to the accumulation of bone microdamage unable to be repaired through the bone remodeling process, with consequent abnormal activation of osteoclast activity [33][34][35]. Estrogen loss alters osteoblast activity and reduces mineralization processes, inducing bone resorption and osteoporosis, thereby deteriorating bone microarchitecture, which results in reduced mechanical strength and increased risk of fracture [36,37]. Recent, studies have shown that, in bone and inflammatory diseases, high levels of ROS are related to increased FGF23 expression leading to imbalance of the calcium-phosphate metabolism and alteration of the mineralization processes [14,[38][39][40].…”

Interplay between Inflammation and Pathological Bone Resorption: Insights into Recent Mechanisms and Pathways in Related Diseases for Future Perspectives

“…The current pharmacotherapies include the administration of bisphosphonates, PTH analogues, sex-hormone replacement, selective estrogen receptor modulators, RANKL inhibitors, and sclerostin inhibitors. In addition, modifying lifestyle with the objective of minimizing the risk factors associated with inflammation is considered to be key factor in the management of osteoporosis, which include a healthy balanced diet with supplementation of vitamin D, antioxidants and probiotics, regular exercise and refraining from smoking and drinking alcohol [119,127,128].…”