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Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue
with increased risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. It is due to deficiency of estrogen production after the menopause
which causes the imbalance in the bone remodeling process where resorption/formation skewed more towards resoption
which leads to bone loss. It causes high morbidity and serious health complication among the affected women. The current
PMO therapy has many unwanted side effects and even increases the possibility of tumorgenesis. Therefore an alternative
therapy that is safe and effective is required. Probiotics are the dietary supplements consisting of beneficial microbes and
when administered in an adequate amount confer a health benefit to the host. Recent scientific evidences suggested the link
between the intestinal microbiota and bone health. This review discusses the process of bone remodeling and the role of
intestinal microbiota on the bone metabolism of the host. Further, it summarizes the recent studies of probiotic on an animal
model of PMO and also in post postmenopausal women.
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Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease affecting 20% of children all over the world especially in developed countries. Recently, there is an increase in the prevalence rate of AD. This chronic inflammatory skin disease causes economic and social burden to the family. The exact cause of AD is not known, however recent studies suggest that imbalance of microflora present in the gut leads to AD. The current treatment of AD involves the application of moisturizer, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines and antibiotics. This line of treatment of AD in children has many side effects. An alternative novel therapeutic approached have to be explored to combat this chronic skin disease. In recent years there is increasing interest in the use of probiotic in the modulation of gut microbiota for the management of AD. Many research studies showed that administration of probiotic give positive results in the prevention and treatment of AD in children, however, the results are not consistent and conclusive. In this review, the dysbiosis of the gut flora contributes to the development of AD is addressed and clinical evidence of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AD children is also summarises.
Bifidobacteria are gram-positive, anaerobic, catalase negative rods of various shapes (short, regular, thin cells with pointed ends, coccoidal regular cells, long cells with slight bends or protuberances) or a variety of branching (pointed, slightly bifurcated, club-shaped or spatulated extremities), single or chains of various arrangements (in star-like aggregates or disposed in "V" or "Y" or else "palisade" arrangements [11]. Their genome GC content varies from 42 mol% to 62 mol% [12]. Bifidobacterium have several beneficial effects on the health of host such as immunomodulation, elimination of procarcinogens, production of vitamin, prevention of diarrhea and intestinal infections, alleviation of constipation, production of antimicrobials against harmful
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