Possible Targets of Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Strategies for Emerging or Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused Coronaviruses Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a worldwide pandemic, is the seventh human coronavirus that has been cross-transmitted from animals to humans. It can be predicted that with continuous contact between humans and animals, more viruses will spread from animals to humans. Therefore, it is imperative to develop universal coronavirus or pan-coronavirus vaccines or drugs against the next coronavirus pandemic. However, a suitable target is critical for developing pan-coronavirus antivirals against emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses. In this review, we discuss the latest progress of possible targets of pan-coronavirus antiviral strategies for emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses, including targets for pan-coronavirus inhibitors and vaccines, which will provide prospects for the current and future research and treatment of the disease.

A retrospective analysis of plant and human epidemics for COVID-19 comprehension

“…Therefore, it is now recognized that the potential for infection, re-infection or co-infection may be exhibit in immunized individuals, and that a vaccine eliminates the mortality risk over 90% in case of infection. Pharmaceuticals research was undoubtedly fast in the development of vaccines, but with mechanistic biological gaps derived of limited pathological virus understanding (Li et al, 2021). Despite these scientific gaps, another medical front is now being tested that will definitely eliminate the possibility of returning to sustainable health models, and maintain highest profitable curative approach to the prevention detriment.…”

“…Se tuvo que reconocer la posibilidad de infección, reinfección o coinfección en personas inmunizadas e introducir el argumento que una vacuna elimina el riesgo de mortalidad en más del 90%. La investigación de farmacéuticas fue indudablemente rápida en la generación de inmunizantes pero a costa de vacíos biológicos mecanísticos derivados de limitada comprensión patológica viral (Li et al, 2021). A pesar de ello, ahora se incursiona en otro frente médico que definitivamente eliminará la posibilidad de retornar modelos de salud sustentables y mantendrá la línea curativa altamente rentable en detrimento de la prevención.…”

“…COVID-19 has progressed in a succession of variants with differentiated parasitic fitness, at a faster rate than the generation of vaccines and drugs. The adaptive capacity of infection processes and the complex multiplication of SARS-CoV-2 (Li et al, 2021), makes it necessary transcend curative solutions of temporal effectiveness by implementing risk and forecasting models for COVID-19, integrating genomics to risk factors.…”

“…COVID-19 ha progresado en sucesión de variantes con aptitud parasítica diferenciada a una velocidad mayor que la generación de vacunas y fármacos. La capacidad adaptativa de procesos de infección y la compleja multiplicación de SARS-CoV-2 (Li et al, 2021), obliga a trascender soluciones curativas de efectividad temporal implementando modelos de riesgo y pronóstico para COVID-19, integrando la genómica a factores de riesgo.…”

“…COVID-19: Pathogenicity and biology. The previous sections proved that the pathogenicity and SARS-CoV-2 implications in epidemic processes must be understood in a community population environment for effective prevention and risk mitigation (Li et al, 2021). The clinical pathogenicity currently studied with mice, hamsters, and Vero cells (Lee et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Saito et al, 2021) needs to be complemented with community epidemiological digital models to accelerate clinical understanding, natural and induced immune reaction (vaccines), and interrelated with chronic non-infectious diseases.…”