Possible Protective Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Curcumin on Triphenyltin Chloride Induced Thyroid Toxicity in Adult Albino Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Triphenyltin chloride (TPTC) is one of organotin compounds (OTs). It is present in multiple products as, disinfectants, pesticides, fungicidal wood preservatives and leather-processing facilities. OTs is considered one of the endocrine disruptors. Mammals are affected with these compounds through consumption of marine foods. Aim of the work: the aim was to study the possible protective effect of both grape seed extract (GSE) and curcumin on thyroid gland in the adult albino rats. Material and method: Fifty four adult albino rats were randomly divided in to 7groups: Group I (control) contained 18 rats is subdivided in to 3 subgroups; group Ia (negative) no treatment, group Ib, Ic (vehicle): rats received 0.5 ml distilled water, 0.5 ml corn oil respectively daily for 4 weeks. The other 36 rats are equally divided in to 6 groups (6 rats in each) received treatment daily for 4 weeks through oral gavage. Group II (GSE): at dose 150 mg/kg/day, group III (Curcumin): at dose 100 mg/kg/day, group IV (TPTC): at dose 10 mg/kg/day. There are group V (TPTC + GSE) group VI (TPTC+ Curcumin); group VII (TPTC + GSE + Curcumin). At the end of 4 weeks the rats were weighed, serum was obtained for thyroid hormons level, maliondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme. Rats were sacrificed, thyroids prepared for histopathological by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) , immunohistochemical examination of Caspase-3 and Ki 67 by light microscope and morphometric analysis Results: TPTC adminstration resulted in significant decrease in thyroid hormones T3, T4 with elevated TSH level. Also, MDA level was increased and GPx enzyme activity was decreased. Thyroid glands showed histopathologic, immunohistochemical of Caspase-3 and Ki 67 and morphometric analysis changes. Treatment with both GSE and curcumin alleviated TPTC toxicity, restored thyroid functions and antioxidant profiles to control values more than treatment with only GSE or curcumin as evidenced by the improvement in histopathological, immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis results. Conclusion: The toxic effects of TPTC on thyroid gland were reversed partially by supplementation with either GSE or curcumin and reversed nearly to control values with their combined administration. It is recommended to do further researches about the combined antioxidants usage during exposure to TPTC.