Possible phosphorus/halogen synergism in flame retardant textile backcoatings

Abstract

Selected phosphorus/halogen flame retardant synergisms on cotton fabric substrates have been modelled using simple salt mixtures (sodium bromide and diammonium phosphate) and backcoating formulations based on combinations of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate and cyclic phosphonate with decabromodiphenyl oxide and/or hexabromocyclododecane and utilizing a chlorinated binder system. The results obtained suggest that there is a possibility of synergism as observed by limiting oxygen index. Linear modelling of the results suggests that the optimum phosphorus mole fraction occurs in the region of 0.15 to 0.45. Linear regression of the data shows an improved regression fit with the inclusion of an interaction term suggesting that there is a synergistic interaction taking place.

Ignition, combustion, toxicity, and fire retardancy of polyurethane foams: A comprehensive review

“…A combination of reactive and additive fire retardants produces a synergistic effect. Synergists have achieved great importance because they are less expensive than actual fire retardants, and the addition of reactive fire retardant can be greatly reduced in the presence of a synergist, without any reduction of the fire‐retardant effect 66. A flammable foam can also be rendered fire‐retardant by the protection of its surface with fire‐retardant coating compositions.…”

Thermal degradation study of intumescent flame retardants by TG and FTIR: Melamine phosphate and its mixture with pentaerythritol

“…Melamine phosphate (MP), a reaction product of melamine (MEL) and phosphoric acid, is commonly used alone or in its combination with pentaerythritol (PER) in many fields, such as fire proof coatings and flame retardant plastics [1][2][3][4][5]. It is known that a typical intumesent flame retardant (IFR) system is usually composed of three sources, i.e.…”

Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics Obtained by Modification with Silanes Containing Esters of Phosphoric Acid as Substituents

“…Halogen compounds disrupt the free radical mechanism during combustion, which is responsible for providing heat to continue this process. The halides react in the gas phase to form hydrohalides upon combustion, which form more stable and less reactive free radicals, thus reducing the amount of heat needed to maintain the flame and simultaneously reducing the amount of oxygen in the burning zone [ 48 , 49 ]. Another scenario of phosphorus-halide synergy involves the action of halides as a blowing agent to foam the yielded char rather than to operate in the gas phase as a free radical scavenger [ 50 ].…”