Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of changes in several cytokines and in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in first-episode schizophrenia patients

Changes in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the First-Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Table 2 presents the selected markers for the meta-analyses of the enzymatic (CAT 10, 23-27 , SOD 10,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , and GPx 10,[22][23][24]27,28,31,36,37 ) and non-enzymatic (GSH 10,20,23,37,38 ) antioxidant systems, such as the oxidative attack marker, the lipid peroxidation 20,22,24,25,27,31,33,35,36,[38][39][40] . Abbreviations: FEP = first_episode psychosis; HC = healthy control; n = number; SMD = standardized mean difference; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval considering mean value (maximum value, minimum value); CAT = catalase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GPx glutathione peroxidase; GSH = glutathione; LP = lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Sensitivity analyzes were performed to obtain more homogeneous results with this new form of analysis, by excluding studies identified as sources of heterogeneity. In the present study, we chose to analyze only data extracted from experiments performed with erythrocyte samples for CAT 10,24,26,27 (Figure 2A), GPx 10,24,25,27,36 (Figure 2C) and GSH 10,24 (Figure 3) and plasma or serum for SOD 10,28,[30][31][32][33][34][35] (Figure 2B) and lipid peroxidation 20,22,24,25,27,31,35,36,[38][39][40] (Figure 4). The proposal above was to understand in these two subgroups (erythrocytes and serum/plasma) which is the best strategy to understand the effect of oxidative stress in FEP patients.…”

“…The proposal above was to understand in these two subgroups (erythrocytes and serum/plasma) which is the best strategy to understand the effect of oxidative stress in FEP patients. Therefore, another 5 meta-analyses were performed assessing these oxidative markers from 21 studies, comprising an overall sample of 120 FEP patients and 143 HC for CAT 10,24,26,27 (4 studies), 943 FEP and 970 HC for SOD 10,28,[30][31][32][33][34][35] (8 studies), 186 FEP and 163 HC for GPx 10,24,25,27,36 (5 studies), 51 FEP and 73 HC for GSH 10,24 (2 estudies), and 487 FEP and 461 HC for lipid peroxidation 20,22,24,25,27,31,35,36,[38][39][40] (11 studies). We analyzed for each marker both types of samples, erythrocyte and plasma/serum, and the forest plots showed the most significant values obtained.…”

“…Two independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Among the 21 studies selected, 06 assessed CAT 10,[23][24][25][26][27] , 15 SOD 10,22-35 , 9 GPx 10, [22][23][24]27,28,31,36,37 , 5 GSH 10,20,23,37,38 and 12 lipid peroxidation 20,22,24,25,27,31,33,35,36,[38][39][40] . Lipid peroxidation data included experiments analyzing TBARS and malondialdehyde levels.…”

Contemporary Issues and Perspectives on the Studying of Schizophrenia With Negative Symptoms Leading

“…Та же проблема возникает и при определении профиля нежелательных эффектов, связанном с применением нейролептиков. Здесь речь идет не только об экстрапирамидных нарушениях, в частности тардивной дискинезии [74], нарастающих при длительной терапии атипичными антипсихотиками [9], но и серьезных метаболических изменениях, которые могут наблюдаться уже в начале лечения [31], в частности гиперпролактинемии [5]. Это также является серьезной проблемой, связанной с лечением негативной шизофрении, поскольку стойкий метаболический дисбаланс приводит к возникновению физиологических нарушений, например сексуальных дисфункций [55] и соматических заболеваний, в частности ожирения [21] и сахарного диабета [72].…”