Possible Hepatoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Vitamin E in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Obesity has become a worldwide health concern among the pediatric population. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing rapidly, alongside the high prevalence of obesity. NAFLD refers to a multifactorial disorder that includes simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or devoid of fibrosis. NAFLD is regarded as a systemic disorder that influences glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism with hepatic manifestations. A sedentary lifestyle and poor choice of food remain the major contributors to the disease. Prompt and timely diagnosis of NAFLD among overweight children is crucial to prevent the progression of the condition. Yet, there has been no approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD in adults or children. As indicated by clinical evidence, lifestyle modification plays a vital role as a primary form of therapy for managing and treating NAFLD. Emphasis is on the significance of caloric restriction, particularly macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) in altering the disease consequences. A growing number of studies are now focusing on establishing a link between vitamins and NAFLD. Different types of vitamin supplements have been shown to be effective in treating NAFLD. In this review, we elaborate on the potential role of vitamin E with a high content of tocotrienol as a therapeutic alternative in treating NAFLD in obese children.

Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences

“…In a study done on 120 school students aged between 15 and 18 years old, high serum levels of α- and γ-tocopherol elicited an enhancement in the academic performance and students’ physical activity [ 172 ]. In addition, vitamin E could play a role in the adolescence age that leads to better prognosis in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 173 ]. Studies have revealed that adolescent patients with NAFLD could show moderate improvement in liver biomarkers and histology when treated by tocotrienol form of vitamin E (Fig.…”

“…Studies have revealed that adolescent patients with NAFLD could show moderate improvement in liver biomarkers and histology when treated by tocotrienol form of vitamin E (Fig. 5 ) [ 173 ].…”

Effects of Vitamin E in the Management of Dyslipidemia in Combination with Statin Therapy

“…8 The statin therapy commonly use all over the world for the management of dyslipidemia 9 Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble, essential vitamin because it cannot synthesize inside the human body. It is natural antioxidant due to its antioxidant property it consider as cardio protective as well as hepatic protective agent 10,11 . Vitamin E consider as cardio protective agent because it lowers the serum cholesterol level, LDL level as well.…”

“…Vitamin E consider as cardio protective agent because it lowers the serum cholesterol level, LDL level as well. 11 The active component of vitamin E, alpha tocopherol and tocotrienol inhibiting the cholesterol synthesis by post-transcriptional suppression of regulatory enzyme of cholesterol metabolism i.e HMG CoA Reductase 12,13 . Vitamin E also suppressesthe lipid peroxidation process by inhibiting the protein kinase C and phospholipase A2.…”

Ilexsaponin A1 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice

“…Currently available treatments with demonstrated benefits against NAFLD include lipid-lowering agents (statins), insulin-sensitizing agents (e.g., pioglitazone), apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitors, and antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) ( Cusi et al, 2016 ; Ge et al, 2019 ; Al-Baiaty et al, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2021 ). None of these treatments have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration due to limited effectiveness and adverse effects ( Rao et al, 2020 ; Pafili and Roden, 2021 ; Boeckmans et al, 2019 ; Caparros-Martin et al, 2017 ).…”