Positioning supercritical solvolysis among innovative recycling and current waste management scenarios for carbon fiber reinforced plastics thanks to comparative life cycle assessment

Pillain, Baptiste; Loubet, Philippe; Pestalozzi, Fadri; Woidasky, Jörg; Erriguible, Arnaud; Aymonier, Cyril; Sonnemann, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104607

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…For decades, the two most common disposal techniques used by the composite industry were landfill and incineration. The drawbacks of these techniques have led to increased environmental awareness, resulting in the search for sustainable disposal methods and strategies to avoid trash accumulation [33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Construction and Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: A Critical Review on Recycling Composite Waste Using Pyrolysis for Sustainable Development

Abdallah

Juaidi

Savas³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The rising usage of carbon and glass fibers has raised awareness of scrap management options. Every year, tons of composite scrap containing precious carbon and glass fibers accumulate from numerous sectors. It is necessary to recycle them efficiently, without harming the environment. Pyrolysis seems to be a realistic and promising approach, not only for efficient recovery, but also for high-quality fiber production. In this paper, the essential characteristics of the pyrolysis process, their influence on fiber characteristics, and the use of recovered fibers in the creation of a new composite are highlighted. Pyrolysis, like any other recycling process, has several drawbacks, the most problematic of which is the probability of char development on the resultant fiber surface. Due to the char, the mechanical characteristics of the recovered fibers may decrease substantially. Chemically treating and post-heating the fibers both help to reduce char formation, but only to a limited degree. Thus, it was important to identify the material cost reductions that may be achieved using recovered carbon fibers as structural reinforcement, as well as the manufacture of high-value products using recycled carbon fibers on a large scale. Recycled fibers are cheaper than virgin fibers, but they inherently vary from them as well. This has hampered the entry of recycled fiber into the virgin fiber industry. Based on cost and performance, the task of the current study was to modify the material in such a way that virgin fiber was replaced with recycled fiber. In order to successfully modify the recycling process, a regulated optimum temperature and residence duration in post-pyrolysis were advantageous.

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Section: Construction and Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: A Critical Review on Recycling Composite Waste Using Pyrolysis for Sustainable Development

Abdallah

Juaidi

Savas³

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Concern for the environment, limiting the utilization of finite resources, and the need to manage waste disposal, have led to increasing pressure to recycle materials at the end of their useful lives [ 23 ]. To ease the continued use of the composite material in some applications, such as wind turbine blades and the automotive industry (e.g., the BMW Group uses recycled carbon fibers for the manufacturing of the reinforcement of the C-pillar with sheet molding compound, and Toyota uses Mitsubishi Rayon’s sheet molding compound material for the manufacturing of the hatch door frame), it is crucial to modify composite waste into a valuable resource and close the loop within the composite life cycle [ 7 , 24 , 25 ]. Certainly, the enormous use of composite materials, thanks to their outstanding characteristics, leads to a rise in the quantity of waste produced.…”

Section: Difficulties With Composite Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites—Difficulties and Future Perspectives

Borjan

Knez

2021

Materials

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Carbon fiber-reinforced composites present an exciting combination of properties and offer clear advantages that make them a perfect replacement for a spread of materials. Consequently, in recent years, their production has dramatically increased as well as the quantity of waste materials. As future legislations are likely to prevent the use of landfills and incineration to dispose of composite waste, alternative solutions such as recycling are considered as one of the urgent problems to be settled. This study presents the leading technologies for recycling carbon fiber-reinforced composites, focusing on chemical recycling using sub- and supercritical fluids. These new reaction media have been demonstrated to be more manageable and efficient in recovering clean fibers with good mechanical properties. The conventional technologies of carbon fibers recycling have also been reviewed and described with both advantages and drawbacks.

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“…Overall, based on nine impact categories, the study concluded that pyrolysis possesses lower environmental and human health-based impacts compared with solvolysis to recycle CFRP wastes. Pillain et al (2019) [19] performed a comparative LCA study. They analysed the sustainability aspects and highlighted the advantages of recycling the CFRP wastes by solvolysis using SCW parallel to pyrolysis, electrodynamic fragmentation (mechanical recycling) and pointed out the disadvantages of traditional disposal methods such as incineration and landfill.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of a Thermal Recycling Process as an Alternative to Existing CFRP and GFRP Composite Wastes Management Options

et al. 2021

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There are forecasts for the exponential increase in the generation of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite wastes containing valuable carbon and glass fibres. The recent adoption of these composites in wind turbines and aeroplanes has increased the amount of end-of-life waste from these applications. By adequately closing the life cycle loop, these enormous volumes of waste can partly satisfy the global demand for their virgin counterparts. Therefore, there is a need to properly dispose these composite wastes, with material recovery being the final target, thanks to the strict EU regulations for promoting recycling and reusing as the highest priorities in waste disposal options. In addition, the hefty taxation has almost brought about an end to landfills. These government regulations towards properly recycling these composite wastes have changed the industries’ attitudes toward sustainable disposal approaches, and life cycle assessment (LCA) plays a vital role in this transition phase. This LCA study uses climate change results and fossil fuel consumptions to study the environmental impacts of a thermal recycling route to recycle and remanufacture CFRP and GFRP wastes into recycled rCFRP and rGFRP composites. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis was performed comparing with the traditional waste management options such as landfill, incineration with energy recovery and feedstock for cement kiln. Overall, the LCA results were favourable for CFRP wastes to be recycled using the thermal recycling route with lower environmental impacts. However, this contradicts GFRP wastes in which using them as feedstock in cement kiln production displayed more reduced environmental impacts than those thermally recycled to substitute virgin composite production.

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Positioning supercritical solvolysis among innovative recycling and current waste management scenarios for carbon fiber reinforced plastics thanks to comparative life cycle assessment

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

RETRACTED: A Critical Review on Recycling Composite Waste Using Pyrolysis for Sustainable Development

RETRACTED: A Critical Review on Recycling Composite Waste Using Pyrolysis for Sustainable Development

Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites—Difficulties and Future Perspectives

Life Cycle Assessment of a Thermal Recycling Process as an Alternative to Existing CFRP and GFRP Composite Wastes Management Options

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