Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites: A Survey on Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Prol, Fabricio dos Santos; Ferre, Ruben Morales; Saleem, Z.; Välisuo, Petri; Pinell, C.; Lohan, Elena Simona; Elsanhoury, Mahmoud; Elmusrati, Mohammed; Islam, Saiful; Çelikbilek, Kaan; Selvan, Kannan; Yliaho, J.; Rutledge, K.; Ojala, Arto; Ferranti, Luca; Praks, Jaan; Bhuiyan, Mohammad Zahidul H.; Kaasalainen, Sanna

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3194050

Cited by 66 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…These results are extended to the expandable mixed orbit-type constellation, which contain 27 MEO satellites and 27 MEO+10 IGSO satellites, respectively. Considering about the weakness of anti-interference and anti-spoofing, mainly GNSS producers presently have more and more interest in developing LEO constellation to augment GNSS [16,17]. And the LEO navigation constellation, meanwhile, has been studied that has a potential ability to replace GNSS once a special emergency case happens [18,20].…”

Section: Bds Araim With Leo Constellationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of low earth orbit satellite constellation on BeiDou satellite navigation system user integrity improvement

Jin,

2024

Fifth International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Mapping (ICGRSM 2023)

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Section: Bds Araim With Leo Constellationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of low earth orbit satellite constellation on BeiDou satellite navigation system user integrity improvement

Jin,

2024

Fifth International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Mapping (ICGRSM 2023)

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“…Alternative surveys exists, although they specifically target LPWAN [1], GNSS [7] or LEO [5], [8], [9] technologies.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Positioning Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on IoT Positioning Leveraging LPWAN, GNSS, and LEO-PNT

Janssen

Koppert²,

Berkvens

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Location data is an important piece of information in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been established as the standard for large-scale localization. However, the rapidly increasing need to locate IoT devices in recent years has exposed several shortcomings of traditional GNSS approaches. These limitations include the weak signal propagation in indoor and dense environments, the inability to calculate or obtain a location remotely, and a high energy consumption. Therefore, several industries have shown an increasing demand for alternative and innovative positioning solutions that are more suited in an IoT context. Hence, we conduct a survey on state-of-the-art, large-scale and energy-efficient positioning techniques for IoT applications. More specifically, we analyze the performance of terrestrial-based Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) techniques, novel GNSS solutions, and innovative positioning techniques leveraging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. A comparison is made in terms of 16 dimensions including energy consumption, positioning accuracy, coverage, and scalability. The analysis shows that interoperability between technologies is key to enable energy-efficient communication and positioning applications in the emerging market of satellite IoT.

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“…13,[42][43][44][45] Usefulness of atomic clocks is not only limited to earth, but beyond the earth's orbit for deep space tracking and navigation. 46,51,52 The lamp pumped Rb clocks are used in almost all Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Other classes of present onboard clocks are Space Passive Hydrogen Maser (SPHM) and cesium (Cs) beam clocks.…”

Section: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (Gnss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

Bandi

2023

BEMS Reports

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Time is ubiquitous, and integral to our everyday lives. Precise measurement of time intervals is basic to various activities humans are dependent up on, such as accurate positioning using satellite navigation, telecommunication, aviation, definition of International Time, secondary applications using positioning, military applications etc. Atomic clocks formulate the heart of precise time measurement and hence enable the positioning and navigation and niche time and frequency dependent technologies that we rely upon directly or otherwise. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of history of time measurement and evolution of clocks towards atomic clocks. It broadly covers various types of atomic clocks ranging from laboratory clocks to miniature commercial clocks along with the key applications with a focus on microwave atomic clocks (or frequency standards). Further, the satellite navigation systems operational around the globe by various countries and the types of clocks used for such navigation systems are briefly covered with a focus on the rubidium atomic frequency standard and other space clocks.

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Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites: A Survey on Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Cited by 66 publications

References 187 publications

The influence of low earth orbit satellite constellation on BeiDou satellite navigation system user integrity improvement

The influence of low earth orbit satellite constellation on BeiDou satellite navigation system user integrity improvement

A Survey on IoT Positioning Leveraging LPWAN, GNSS, and LEO-PNT

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

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