Porphyrin-based metal—organic framework nanocrystals for combination of immune and sonodynamic therapy

Nanotechnology‐Empowered Combination Cancer Immunotherapies: Mechanisms, Synergies, and Perspectives

“…[63] Obviously, the incorporation of nanomaterials in the combinatorial regimen can induce cell damage and enhance radio-enhancement, drug delivery, and immunogenicity at tumor sites. [64] Considering CAFs play a major role in remodeling the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) and promoting immune evasion, [65] Li et al designed tumor cell-derived microparticles that codeliver the photosensitizer ICG and the immunomodulator calcipotriol [54] Copyright 2023, Springer Nature.…”

“…Sen et al constructed metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals of rare‐earth dysprosium (Dy) and tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), Dy‐TCPP ( Figure 2 B), to realize the dual functions of sonodynamic therapy (Figure 2C) and lowering the expression of PD‐L1 in tumors, which can reduce the expression of PD‐L1 on the surface of tumor cells, inhibit the tumor immune escape (Figure 2D), and enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. [ 54 ] In vivo, the material can synergize with the α‐PD‐L1 antibody drug to completely remove the transplanted tumors, and the system also has the function of MR T2‐weighted imaging, which realizes imaging‐guided sonodynamic therapy and immunotherapy (Figure 2A).…”

“…D) The expression of PD-L1 in HCT 116 cancer cells. Adapted with permission [54]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature.…”

Preparation of two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based MOFs/derivatives and their potential in sensing and biomedical applications

“…Jiang and coworkers 85 synthesized a novel 2D Dy‐TCPP, using rare‐earth element dysprosium (Dy) and TCPP, which showed excellent potential in immune therapy, magnetic resonance (MR), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In immunotherapy, reducing the expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in tumor cells is crucial.…”

Understanding the role of metal–organic frameworks in cancer treatment

“…A Dy-TCPP MOF also exhibits SDT activity thanks to the existence of TCPP ligand, and the Dy( iii ) ion also endows the MOF with immunotherapy for combination treatment. 46 Gan et al developed an Mn-TCPP MOF for SDT treatment, in which the Mn ions can vary the valence between +3 and +4 and thus convert H 2 O 2 to O 2 . 48 Considering that the MOFs lack photoactivity and/or charge separation ability, the key to improving the SDT activity of MOFs is the introduction of photoactive sites.…”