Porous Zirconia/Magnesia Ceramics Support Osteogenic Potential In Vitro

Abstract

Porous zirconia (ZrO2), magnesia (MgO) and zirconia/magnesia (ZrO2/MgO) ceramics were synthesised by sintering and designated as ZrO2(100), ZrO2(75)MgO(25), ZrO2(50)MgO(50), ZrO2(25)MgO(75), MgO(100) based on their composition. The ceramic samples were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry to explore the incorporation of Mg atoms into the zirconia lattice. The resulting porosity of the samples was calculated based on the composition and density. The final porosity of the cylinder-shaped ceramic samples ranged between 30 and 37%. The mechanical analysis exhibited that the Young modulus increased and the microstress decreased with increasing magnesia amount, with values ranging from 175 GPa for zirconia to 301 GPa for magnesia. The adhesion, viability, proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells cultured on the zirconia/magnesia ceramics was found to increase, with the magnesia-containing ceramics exhibiting higher values of calcium mineralisation. The results from the mechanical analysis, the ALP activity, the calcium and collagen production demonstrate that the zirconia/magnesia ceramics possess robust osteoinductive capacity, therefore holding great potential for bone tissue engineering.

Composite Fiber Spun Mat Synthesis and In Vitro Biocompatibility for Guide Tissue Engineering

“…Thus, our results are in agreement with different studies that reported that zirconia nanofibers or ZrO 2 composites may have pro-osteogenic properties, have good mechanical biocompatibility, and improve the metabolism of bone precursor cells. Furthermore, they could also be considered as a self-regulation material that possesses an excellent osteoinductive capacity that could modify the deposition of ECM by bone cells during differentiation or in response to the surface material, because the osteoblast cell functions could be substrate-sensitive, either with respect to stiffness, roughness, or to the size of the composition of the material [16,17,[42][43][44][45][46].…”

Influence of Abrasive Treatment on a Transformation of Zirconium Oxide Used in Dental Prosthetics

“…It is characterized with excellent aesthetic value because it is a material with a light color and it is also easy to cover with veneering porcelain. ZrO 2 is a biocompatible material [4,[9][10][11]. In addition, clinical studies did not reveal the occurrence of allergies in people with prosthetic restorations on a zirconium oxide substructure, which is the opposite of those restorations on metal, where a large percentage of owners of such restorations have, for example, a bluish discoloration of the gingiva, commonly known as the "gingival margin" [12][13][14].…”

Analysis of Stress and Displacement Fields in Prosthetic Crowns Made of Zirconium Dioxide Using Numerical Approach of Homogenization Hypothesis

“…Prosthetics use a tetragonal phase that does not have a glass phase in a structure. It is the most advantageous from the point of view of biomechanics, because it can be stabilized at room temperature by adding oxides of magnesium, calcium, yttrium, or cerium [ 6 , 11 , 12 ]. The material is available in the form of ready-made blocks, which are processed by a milling machine to the prosthetic framework during a sequence of consecutive steps [ 13 ].…”